{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T19:17:07Z","timestamp":1758309427182,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras."],"abstract":"<jats:p>SUMMARY  OBJECTIVE: Diabetic retinopathy exhibits a higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease-related complications. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is the most serious complication of diabetic retinopathy and can lead to total visual loss. Given that inflammation plays a key role in diabetic retinopathy, using blood-derived indexes could be a feasible way to predict the proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of pan-immune-inflammation value in predicting proliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.  METHODS: This retrospective study included 234 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The study population was classified into three groups according to severity of diabetic retinopathy: no-diabetic retinopathy, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy groups. Complete blood counts were obtained, and neutrophil\/lymphocyte ratio, platelet\/lymphocyte ratio, and pan-immune-inflammation value ([neutrophils\u00d7platelets\u00d7monocytes]\u00f7lymphocytes) were calculated. A receiver operating characteristic curve was performed to analyze the ability of inflammatory markers for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.  RESULTS: The mean age was 56.6\u00b17.8 years, and there were 109 men and 125 women. The median (interquartile range) pan-immune-inflammation value levels in the no-diabetic retinopathy, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy groups were 213 (137\u2013325), 240 (157\u2013297), and 375 (318\u2013540), respectively (p&lt;0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the pan-immune-inflammation value (OR 1.066; 95%CI 1.051\u20131.072; p=0.001), total cholesterol (OR 1.055; p=0.018), and hemoglobin (OR 0.145; p=0.036) were independent risk factors of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.  CONCLUSION: Our study revealed a significant association between increased pan-immune-inflammation value levels and high proliferative diabetic retinopathy risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.20250489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T15:04:50Z","timestamp":1758294290000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pan-immune-inflammation value predicts proliferative diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0817-8906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alparslan","family":"Kurtul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hatay Mustafa Kemal University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5194-8772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bengi Ece","family":"Kurtul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hatay Mustafa Kemal University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5520-4591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet","family":"Elbeyli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hatay Mustafa Kemal University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1161\/xJAHA.111.000059","article-title":"Mortality rates in trials of subjects with type 2 diabetes","volume":"1","author":"Barkoudah E","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Heart 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