{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T13:58:36Z","timestamp":1774879116181,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras."],"abstract":"<jats:p>SUMMARY  OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate inflammatory markers after 1 year of antiretroviral therapies use in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus.  METHODS: This is a retrospective, observational, and multicenter study. The study included adult, comorbid disease-free patients who received antiretroviral therapies with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Multi-inflammatory index, multi-inflammatory index obtained by various formulations of complete blood count, C-reactive protein, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and platelet count, systemic immune-inflammatory index, neutrophil\/lymphocyte ratio, platelet\/lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein\/lymphocyte ratio, cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T lymphocyte percentage, and CD4\/CD8 ratio data were compared with pretreatment data.  RESULTS: A total of 391 persons living with human immunodeficiency virus, including 241 (61.6%) women, were included in the study. When pretreatment human immunodeficiency virus ribonucleic acid, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, C-reactive protein level, CD4 percentage, CD8 percentage, CD4\/CD8 ratio, multi-inflammatory index-1, multi-inflammatory index-2, and systemic immune-inflammatory index data were compared with the 48th week of treatment, a statistically significant difference was found except for neutrophils (p&lt;0.05). When the 48th week post-treatment data were evaluated, human immunodeficiency virus ribonucleic acid, C-reactive protein, multi-inflammatory index-1, multi-inflammatory index-2, and systemic immune-inflammatory index values decreased; lymphocyte, platelet, CD4, CD8, and CD4\/CD8 ratio values increased. Among the pretreatment markers, systemic immune-inflammatory index, platelet\/lymphocyte ratio, and neutrophil\/lymphocyte ratio predicted CD4\/CD8 ratio \u22641 or &gt;1 at the end of 48 weeks at the highest rate (60.7, 60, and 59.6%, respectively).  CONCLUSION: Multi-inflammatory markers were found to regress after antiretroviral therapies use in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus. In the long term, these patients should be monitored for the effects of chronic inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.20250748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T13:06:08Z","timestamp":1774875968000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of multi-inflammatory \u0131ndexes in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus: a multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8377-8293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet","family":"\u015eahin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1706-230X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuba Damar","family":"\u00c7ak\u0131rca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u015eanl\u0131urfa Education and Research Hospital,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1944-2477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sevil","family":"Alkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c7anakkale Onsekiz Mart University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1148-2247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"\u00c7abalak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hatay Mustafa Kemal University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8518-4598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fethiye","family":"Akg\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Batman Education and Research Hospital,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1681-9315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sema Tekin","family":"\u015eahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alanya Education and Research Hospital,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8317-955X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaz\u0131m","family":"K\u0131ratl\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0130zmir Atat\u00fcrk Education and Research Hospital,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0583-929X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"\u00c7elik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harran University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9539-7252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6zlem","family":"Akay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4607-2870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sel\u00e7uk","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c7anakkale Onsekiz Mart University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"ref1","first-page":"250","article-title":"Pneumocystis pneumonia--Los Angeles.","volume":"30","year":"1981","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2024"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2023.03.002","article-title":"Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C virus infections in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"29","author":"Wu S","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.3390\/v15051030","article-title":"Cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1 and HIV-2 from \u0131nfected macrophages and dendritic cells to CD4+ T lymphocytes.","volume":"15","author":"Calado M","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14020138","article-title":"Infectious RNA: human \u0131mmunodeficiency virus (HIV) biology, therapeutic \u0131ntervention, and the quest for a vaccine.","volume":"14","author":"Heuvel Y","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758835920958363","DOI":"10.1177\/1758835920958363","article-title":"Prognostic role of a new index (multi inflammatory index) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the randomized ITACa trial.","volume":"12","author":"Casadei Gardini A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther Adv Med Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14966","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14966","article-title":"The role of the multi-inflammatory index as a novel inflammation-related index in the differential diagnosis of massive and non-massive pulmonary embolism.","volume":"75","author":"Boyuk F","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-012-0118-8","article-title":"HIV and inflammation: mechanisms and consequences.","volume":"9","author":"Hunt PW","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref9","first-page":"ofz347","article-title":"Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios as prognostic \u0131nflammatory biomarkers in human \u0131mmunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and HIV\/HCV coinfection.","volume":"6","author":"Hanberg JS","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133640","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1133640","article-title":"Inflammation markers and the risk of hypertension in people living with HIV.","volume":"14","author":"Ou-Yang H","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666221100411","article-title":"Multi-inflammatory \u0131ndex as a novel mortality predictor in critically Ill COVID-19 patients.","volume":"37","author":"Gozdas HT","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14378","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814378","article-title":"Assessment of \u0131nflammatory hematological ratios (NLR, PLR, MLR, LMR and monocyte\/HDL-cholesterol ratio) in acute myocardial \u0131nfarction and particularities in young patients.","volume":"24","author":"Tudurachi BS","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000085","article-title":"Point-of-care C-reactive protein testing to facilitate implementation of isoniazid preventive therapy for people living with HIV.","volume":"65","author":"Yoon C","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv573","article-title":"Persistently elevated C-reactive protein level in the first year of antiretroviral therapy, despite virologic suppression, \u0131s associated with HIV disease progression in resource-constrained settings.","volume":"213","author":"Shivakoti R","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.4102\/sajhivmed.v25i1.1543","article-title":"Effect of dolutegravir on ferritin, iron, and C-reactive protein among people living with HIV and co-infections.","volume":"25","author":"Kamurai B","year":"2024","journal-title":"South Afr J HIV Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2023.103978","article-title":"The role of first-trimester NLR (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and, systemic immune-response index (SIRI) in the prediction of composite adverse outcomes in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus.","volume":"158","author":"Sahin R","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","first-page":"e51458","article-title":"The role of sequentially monitored laboratory values and \u0131nflammatory biomarkers in assessing the severity of COVID-19.","volume":"16","author":"Baran B","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107453","article-title":"Multi-inflammatory index as a new predictive and prognostic marker of acute symptomatic seizures in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.","volume":"32","author":"Agircan D","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad136","article-title":"CD4\/CD8 ratio during human \u0131mmunodeficiency virus treatment: time for routine monitoring?","volume":"76","author":"Ron R","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104072","article-title":"Predictive value of CD8+ T cell and CD4\/CD8 ratio at two years of successful ART in the risk of AIDS and non-AIDS events.","volume":"80","author":"Serrano-Villar S","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104773","article-title":"Expanding HIV clinical monitoring: the role of CD4, CD8, and CD4\/CD8 ratio in predicting non-AIDS events.","volume":"95","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Sanz J","year":"2023","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP3354","article-title":"CD4+:CD8+ T-cell ratio changes in people with HIV receiving antiretroviral treatment.","volume":"25","author":"Vivancos-Gallego MJ","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"}],"container-title":["Revista da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica Brasileira"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S0104-42302026000102210&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T13:06:11Z","timestamp":1774875971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-42302026000102210&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"alternative-id":["S0104-42302026000102210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1806-9282.20250748","relation":{},"ISSN":["1806-9282","0104-4230"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1806-9282","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0104-4230","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"e20250748"}}