{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T01:24:08Z","timestamp":1784942648334,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras."],"abstract":"<jats:p>SUMMARY  OBJECTIVE: Artificial intelligence tools like Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer-4 are increasingly used in clinical decision-making, but their reliability for acute compartment syndrome remains understudied. The aim of the study was to evaluate Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer-4's accuracy, completeness, and quality in responding to acute compartment syndrome-related queries, addressing gaps in artificial intelligence-assisted medical information.  METHODS: Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer-4 was given 60 questions (40 open-ended and 20 binary) that were taken from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2019 acute compartment syndrome guidelines. Responses were evaluated independently by two orthopedic specialists using the Quality Criteria for Consumer Health Information instrument (information quality), Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease Score (readability), and Likert scales (accuracy and completeness). Inter-rater reliability (Cohen's kappa) was a statistical analysis.  RESULTS: Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer-4 demonstrated high accuracy (95% for both question types) and completeness (mean scores: 5.92\u00b10.8 [accuracy], 2.9\u00b10.5 [completeness]). DISCERN scores were \"excellent\" (69\u201372), though source reliability was limited. Readability was \"very difficult\" (Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease Score: 22.19), potentially hindering patient comprehension.  CONCLUSION: Although Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer-4 is excellent at providing precise, high-quality acute compartment syndrome information, its complicated language and lack of credible sources make it difficult for wider adoption. To improve clinical utility and patient education, readability and transparency must be given top priority in future artificial intelligence developments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.20250892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T15:06:34Z","timestamp":1765811194000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Assessing Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer-4's clinical utility in acute compartment syndrome: a comprehensive evaluation of accuracy, completeness, and readability"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5119-3701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6ner","family":"K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health Mersin City Education and Research Hospital,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7418-4207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130dris","family":"Demirta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health Mersin City Education and Research Hospital,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2016.02.001","article-title":"Acute compartment syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Schmidt AH","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","volume-title":"Acute compartment syndrome [Updated 2023 Jan 16]","author":"Torlincasi AM","year":"2025"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-19-00858","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of acute compartment syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Osborn PM","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.54097\/fcis.v2i2.4465","article-title":"The benefits and challenges of ChatGPT: an overview","volume":"2","author":"Deng J","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Comput Intell Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2023.02.006","article-title":"Beyond chatting: the opportunities and challenges of ChatGPT in medicine and radiology","volume":"104","author":"Ferres JML","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.05.011","article-title":"ChatGPT in medical imaging higher education","volume":"29","author":"Currie G","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiography (Lond)"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae238","article-title":"ChatGPT4's proficiency in addressing patients\u2019 questions on systemic lupus erythematosus: a blinded comparative study with specialists","volume":"63","author":"Xu D","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.53.2.105","article-title":"DISCERN: an instrument for judging the quality of written consumer health information on treatment choices","volume":"53","author":"Charnock D","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1037\/h0057532","article-title":"A new readability yardstick","volume":"32","author":"Flesch R","year":"1948","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2024.100963","article-title":"ChatGPT and google provide mostly excellent or satisfactory responses to the most frequently asked patient questions related to rotator cuff repair","volume":"6","author":"Megalla M","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.23.00209","article-title":"Assessing ChatGPT responses to common patient questions regarding total hip arthroplasty","volume":"105","author":"Mika AP","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2023.12.009","article-title":"ChatGPT responses to common questions about anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction are frequently satisfactory","volume":"40","author":"Li LT","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.23.00043","article-title":"Using artificial \u0131ntelligence to answer common patient-focused questions in minimally \u0131nvasive spine surgery","volume":"105","author":"Subramanian T","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-025-07417-9","article-title":"Assessment of ChatGPT's adherence to EULAR diagnostic criteria and therapeutic protocols for rheumatoid arthritis at two distinct time points, 14 days apart, utilizing binary and multiple-choice inquiries","volume":"44","author":"\u00c7elik N\u00c7","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.28982\/josam.7977","article-title":"Performance of artificial intelligence chatbot as a source of patient information on anti-rheumatic drug use in pregnancy: artificial intelligence as source of information for anti-rheumatics during pregnancy","volume":"7","author":"Oru\u00e7o\u011flu N","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Surg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.23736\/S2724-6051.23.05450-2","article-title":"Evaluating the performance of ChatGPT in answering questions related to benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer","volume":"75","author":"Caglar U","year":"2023","journal-title":"Minerva Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2023.110077","article-title":"Testing ChatGPT ability to answer laypeople questions about cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"194","author":"Scquizzato T","year":"2024","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-022-00611-y","article-title":"Clinical artificial intelligence quality improvement: towards continual monitoring and updating of AI algorithms in healthcare","volume":"5","author":"Feng J","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12834","article-title":"How to survive the medical misinformation mess","volume":"47","author":"Ioannidis JPA","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.15.00658","article-title":"The readability of AAOS patient education materials: evaluating the progress since 2008","volume":"98","author":"Roberts H","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref21","article-title":"Artificial hallucinations in ChatGPT: implications in scientific writing","volume":"15","author":"Alkaissi H","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref22","article-title":"ChatGPT responses to frequently asked questions on M\u00e9ni\u00e8re's disease: a comparison to clinical practice guideline answers","volume":"8","author":"Ho RA","year":"2024","journal-title":"OTO Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref23","article-title":"AI-generated \u0131nformation for vascular patients: assessing the standard of procedure-specific \u0131nformation provided by the ChatGPT AI-language model","volume":"15","author":"Haidar O","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000002856","article-title":"Usefulness and accuracy of artificial \u0131ntelligence chatbot responses to patient questions for neurosurgical procedures","author":"Gajjar AA","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"}],"container-title":["Revista da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica Brasileira"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S0104-42302025001200613&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T15:06:37Z","timestamp":1765811197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-42302025001200613&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"alternative-id":["S0104-42302025001200613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1806-9282.20250892","relation":{},"ISSN":["1806-9282","0104-4230"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1806-9282","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0104-4230","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"e20250892"}}