{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T11:55:57Z","timestamp":1781524557635,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras."],"abstract":"<jats:p>SUMMARY  OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the performance of ChatGPT in the generation of new systematic review ideas in urooncology.  METHODS: In September 2024, we requested ChatGPT Version 4.0 to generate 10 systematic review ideas in general urooncology and also 10 ideas for each of the four subcategories: bladder cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and testicular cancer. We utilized PubMed and Scopus to examine 50 ideas to determine whether prior systematic reviews had addressed them. Novelty was defined as a topic without prior systematic review.  RESULTS: ChatGPT generated 30% original systematic review ideas, with 15 out of 50 being novel. The novelty rate for general urooncology was 50%. The rates for subcategories were 10% for both bladder and prostate cancer, 50% for renal cell carcinoma, and 30% for testicular malignancies. Approximately 10% of general research concepts external to systematic reviews were novel.  CONCLUSION: ChatGPT performed very well in producing creative, apt, and partially viable systematic review ideas in urooncology. Although human judgment is still required to determine feasibility and create proposals with better accuracy, ChatGPT and other large language models can be useful aids while designing research, especially for dynamic and information-heavy disciplines such as urooncology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.20250910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T11:37:06Z","timestamp":1781523426000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ChatGPT assisted generation of systematic review ideas in urooncology"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0670-3044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet Emin","family":"Dogan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Etlik City Hospital,  T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8853-5250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gorkem","family":"Ozenc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Etlik City Hospital,  T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Artificial intelligence (AI) vs. machine learning vs. deep learning [Internet].","author":"Nicholson C","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathmind Inc."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","first-page":"100179","article-title":"Artificial intelligence: a powerful paradigm for scientific research.","volume":"2","author":"Xu Y","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innovation (Camb)"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.03.009","article-title":"The exciting potential for ChatGPT in obstetrics and 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urogynecology research: novel or not?","volume":"30","author":"Choueka D","year":"2024","journal-title":"Urogynecology (Phila)"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20230560","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.20230560","article-title":"The use of artificial intelligence to improve the scientific writing of non-native english speakers.","volume":"69","author":"Giglio AD","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)"},{"issue":"32","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39250","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000039250","article-title":"ChatGPT in medicine: a cross-disciplinary systematic review of ChatGPT\u2019s (artificial intelligence) role in research, clinical practice, education, and patient interaction.","volume":"103","author":"Fatima A","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01157-x","article-title":"The ethics of ChatGPT in medicine and healthcare: a systematic review on Large Language Models (LLMs).","volume":"7","author":"Haltaufderheide J","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/tct.12776","article-title":"How to...write a good research question.","volume":"15","author":"Mattick K","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Teach"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S114","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302365","article-title":"Promoting innovative thinking.","volume":"105","author":"Ness RB","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1080\/07294360.2012.702735","article-title":"Systematic review methodology in higher education.","volume":"31","author":"Bearman M","year":"2012","journal-title":"High Educ Res 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