{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T11:51:28Z","timestamp":1781869888151,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras."],"abstract":"<jats:p>SUMMARY  OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between gestational diabetes mellitus and the severity and impact of lower urinary tract symptoms and urinary incontinence on quality of life in pregnant women.  METHODS: This case\u2013control study enrolled 500 pregnant women (251 with gestational diabetes mellitus; 249 healthy controls) between 30 and 38 weeks\u2019 gestation. Women completed the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form, Urogenital Distress Inventory-Short Form, Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-Short Form, and Incontinence Severity Index. Sociodemographic, obstetrics, and anthropometric data were also collected. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the independent association between gestational diabetes mellitus and lower urinary tract symptoms and urinary incontinence.  RESULTS: The gestational diabetes mellitus group exhibited a significantly higher mean age compared to the control group (p&lt;0.001). Pre-pregnancy body mass index and body mass index during pregnancy were also significantly elevated in the gestational diabetes mellitus group (p&lt;0.001). The median gestational weight gain was significantly greater in the gestational diabetes mellitus group (p=0.027). Women with gestational diabetes mellitus demonstrated significantly elevated scores in International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form, Urogenital Distress Inventory-6, Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7, and Incontinence Severity Index (p&lt;0.001 for all). After adjusting for age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, body mass index during pregnancy, and gestational weight gain in multivariable logistic regression models, gestational diabetes mellitus remained independently associated with increased UI risk (adjusted OR 2.34, 95%CI 1.56\u20133.51, p&lt;0.001).  CONCLUSION: Gestational diabetes mellitus is significantly associated with increased severity of lower urinary tract symptoms and urinary incontinence, as well as a greater negative impact on quality of life during pregnancy. Routine systematic screening for lower urinary tract symptoms and urinary incontinence may be considered for all pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, with early implementation of preventive interventions including supervised pelvic floor muscle training programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.20251467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T11:01:37Z","timestamp":1781866897000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relationship between lower urinary system symptoms and urinary incontinence in women with gestational diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2199-0854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leyla","family":"Kaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Health Sciences,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8099-8883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esra","family":"Keles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Health Sciences,  Turkey; University of Health Sciences,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7461-2013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahide","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uskudar State Hospital,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4683-9218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hakan","family":"Dokumu\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mersin University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.12.012","article-title":"The majority of type 2 diabetic patients in Finnish primary care are at very high risk of cardiovascular events: a cross-sectional chart review study (STONE HF).","volume":"16","author":"Mets\u00e4rinne K","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prim Care Diabetes"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2214956","article-title":"Treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosed early in pregnancy.","volume":"388","author":"Simmons D","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-2745-1","article-title":"Women\u2019s experiences of a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.","volume":"20","author":"Craig L","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.01.037","article-title":"Long-term impact of mode of delivery on stress urinary incontinence and urgency urinary incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"70","author":"T\u00e4htinen RM","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24636","article-title":"Prevalence of urinary incontinence among women with diabetes in the Lolland-Falster Health Study, Denmark.","volume":"40","author":"L\u00f8wenstein E","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0231096","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231096","article-title":"Alterations in the structural characteristics of rectus abdominis muscles caused by diabetes and pregnancy: a comparative study of the rat model and women.","volume":"15","author":"Vesentini G","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.14400","article-title":"Advanced maternal age is a risk factor for both early and late gestational diabetes mellitus: the Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study.","volume":"16","author":"Tagami K","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-05932-8","article-title":"The role of gestational diabetes mellitus and pelvic floor 3D-ultrasound assessment during pregnancy predicting urinary incontinence: a prospective cohort study.","volume":"23","author":"Sartorao Filho CI","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref9","first-page":"S62","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus.","volume":"34","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1848","article-title":"International association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups recommendations on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy.","volume":"33","author":"Metzger BE","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.1930140206","article-title":"Short forms to assess life quality and symptom distress for urinary incontinence in women: the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire and the Urogenital Distress Inventory. 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