{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T21:37:46Z","timestamp":1788471466925,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras."],"abstract":"<jats:p>SUMMARY  OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of adding non-immersive virtual reality-based exercise to a conventional rehabilitation program for pain, functionality, balance, and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis.  METHODS: This randomized controlled clinical trial involved 60 patients. Measurements were taken before and after treatment (at week 3). Visual analog scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, and the Short Form-36 were measured. Postural Stability\u2013 Dynamic Overall Stability Index, Functional Reach Composite Score, and Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance\u2013Composite Score were recorded using the Biodex Balance System.  RESULTS: In both groups, statistically significant improvements were observed in visual analog scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, the Short Form-36 Physical Functioning, Postural Stability\u2013Dynamic Overall Stability Index, Functional Reach Composite Score, and Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance\u2013Composite Score scores in the post-intervention period (p&lt;0.001). In both groups, statistically significant improvements were observed in all Short Form-36 subscales [Physical Functioning, Role Physical, Bodily Pain, General Health, Vitality, Social Functioning, Role Emotional, and Mental Health were observed during the post-intervention period (p&lt;0.001)]. In the two-way mixed-methods repeated-measures analysis of variance analysis, the time effect was found to be significant in all Short Form-36 subdimensions (p&lt;0.001). The group-time interaction was not significant in the \u201cRole Physical\u201d and \u201cMental Health\u201d subdimensions (p=0.151 and p=0.604, respectively).  CONCLUSION: The addition of virtual reality-based exercise to results in greater reductions in pain levels and improvements in disease-specific functional status and overall physical function, postural stability, dynamic balance, and sensory integration. Further improvements in quality of life across all subscales except for physical role limitations and mental health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.20260294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T13:12:31Z","timestamp":1784898751000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effectiveness of virtual reality-based exercises in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: randomized controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6422-5450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basak","family":"Cigdem-Karacay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirsehir Ahi Evran University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9979-407X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyda-Sultan","family":"Eraslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirsehir Ahi Evran University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4478-3660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130rem","family":"Canli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirsehir Ahi Evran University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9510-925X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atahan","family":"Turhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirsehir Ahi Evran University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4081\/reumatismo.2024.1660","article-title":"Assessment of factors affecting quality of life in patients with chronic pain due to knee osteoarthritis and spondylosis: spine versus knee?","volume":"76","author":"Sahbaz T","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reumatismo"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70134","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.70134","article-title":"Effectiveness of quadriceps strength training in adults with knee osteoarthritis: a systematized review.","volume":"23","author":"Hegde DD","year":"2025","journal-title":"Musculoskeletal Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-03083-4","article-title":"Knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation: an integrated framework of exercise, nutrition, biomechanics, and physical therapist guidance\u2014a narrative review.","volume":"30","author":"Liu H","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3080","DOI":"10.3390\/s25103080","article-title":"Virtual reality: a new frontier of physical rehabilitation.","volume":"25","author":"Capriotti A","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2021.0009","article-title":"Nonimmersive virtual reality as complementary rehabilitation on functional mobility and gait in cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled clinical trial.","volume":"10","author":"Arnoni JLB","year":"2021","journal-title":"Games Health J"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.935590","article-title":"Virtual reality-based rehabilitation therapy.","volume":"74","author":"Lorkowski J","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2024.10.013","article-title":"Association of kinesiophobia with pain, disability and functional limitation in adults with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"60","author":"Lozano-Meca J","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geriatric Nurs"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02509","article-title":"Immersive versus non-immersive experience: exploring the feasibility of memory assessment through 360\u00b0 technology.","volume":"10","author":"Ventura S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2019.1631892","article-title":"Virtual reality and video games in cardiac rehabilitation programs. 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