{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T13:58:51Z","timestamp":1785506331365,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras."],"abstract":"<jats:p>SUMMARY  OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate affective temperament, emotion regulation, and anxiety\u2013depression symptoms in women with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, and to determine whether these psychological factors predict clinically relevant outcomes.  METHODS: This case\u2013control study included 97 patients with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and 100 healthy controls. Affective temperament, emotion regulation, and anxiety\u2013depression symptoms were assessed using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analyses had been performed to identify psychological predictors of recurrence, treatment resistance, and fistula formation.  RESULTS: Between-group analyses showed higher depressive and anxious temperament traits in women with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, greater emotion regulation difficulties, and elevated anxiety\u2013depression symptoms (all p&lt;0.001). Emotion regulation impairment independently predicted treatment resistance (OR 2.86, p=0.004). In contrast, anxious temperament was inversely associated with both recurrence (OR 0.33, p=0.012) and treatment resistance (OR 0.35, p=0.010). No psychological variable predicted fistula formation.  CONCLUSION: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is associated with a distinct psychosomatic vulnerability profile. While impaired emotion regulation increases the risk of refractory disease, anxious temperament may be linked to protective vigilance-related behaviors. These findings support the integration of psychoneuroimmunology-informed psychological assessment into idiopathic granulomatous mastitis management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.20260376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T13:01:36Z","timestamp":1785502896000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Affective temperament and emotion regulation as predictors of clinical outcomes in women with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3370-9879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cagri","family":"Akal\u0131n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ordu University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5217-0755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilker","family":"Sengul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Giresun University,  Turkey; Giresun University,  Turkey; Giresun University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0416-0621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Demet","family":"Sengul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Giresun University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5849-9068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Halil Ibrahim","family":"Tas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samsun University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3987-5237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Bezerra","family":"N\u00f3brega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8477-9178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cec\u00edlia da Silva","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6200-3215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isaque da Silva","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0774-9404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Maria","family":"Soares Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/58.6.642","article-title":"Granulomatous mastitis: a lesion clinically simulating carcinoma.","volume":"58","author":"Kessler E","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-003-0561-2","article-title":"Granulomatous mastitis.","volume":"269","author":"Diesing D","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref3","first-page":"e15206","article-title":"Idiopathic granulomatous lobular mastitis: an imitation of breast carcinoma.","volume":"13","author":"Aydin I","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2017.07.002","article-title":"Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.","volume":"214","author":"Freeman CM","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","first-page":"364","article-title":"A clinicopathological review of 34 cases of inflammatory breast disease showing an association with Corynebacterium species.","volume":"35","author":"Taylor GB","year":"2003","journal-title":"Breast"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2297","article-title":"From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain.","volume":"9","author":"Dantzer R","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.5","article-title":"The role of inflammation in depression: from evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target.","volume":"16","author":"Miller AH","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study.","volume":"14","author":"Felitti VJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.1995.tb00036.x","article-title":"Emotion regulation and mental health.","volume":"2","author":"Gross JJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-008-9102-4","article-title":"Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale.","volume":"30","author":"Gratz K","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assessment"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.12.045","article-title":"Symptoms of depression and anxiety are independently associated with clinical recurrence of inflammatory bowel disease.","volume":"14","author":"Mikocka-Walus A","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2005.05.022","article-title":"Psychologic factors in psoriasis: consequences, mechanisms, and interventions.","volume":"23","author":"Fortune DG","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.29228\/jamp.42734","article-title":"Evaluation of symptoms, depression and anxiety levels in young women with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis.","volume":"2","author":"Kehribar DY","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Acad Med Pharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(90)90004-A","article-title":"The somatosensory amplification scale and its relationship to hypochondriasis.","volume":"24","author":"Barsky AJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure.","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke K","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.6-6-536","article-title":"Why illness perceptions matter.","volume":"6","author":"Petrie KJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03368-y","article-title":"Association between sleep quality and depression among institutionalized and community older people - Brazilian Western Amazonia.","volume":"21","author":"Paula Rebou\u00e7as CM","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20230385","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.20230385","article-title":"Depression in women in climacteric period: a brief review.","volume":"69","author":"Zangirolami-Raimundo J","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2022.100100","article-title":"Evaluation of breast stiffness pathology based on breast compression during mammography: proposal for novel breast stiffness scale classification.","volume":"77","author":"Prokop J","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e697EDIT.","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.697edit","article-title":"Of sight, and insight into melatonin\u2019s role in breast cancer?","volume":"69","author":"Soares Junior JM","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2025.66.305","article-title":"Breast lump as the initial presentation of metastatic uterine leiomyosarcoma.","volume":"66","author":"Sengul I","year":"2025","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20250628","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.20250628","article-title":"Re: is cancer back? Psychological issues faced by survivors of breast cancer.","volume":"71","author":"Sengul I","year":"2026","journal-title":"Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100743","article-title":"Dense breasts and women\u2019s health: which screenings are essential?","volume":"80","author":"Mota BS","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)."}],"container-title":["Revista da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica Brasileira"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S0104-42302026000602218&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T13:01:39Z","timestamp":1785502899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-42302026000602218&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"alternative-id":["S0104-42302026000602218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1806-9282.20260376","relation":{},"ISSN":["1806-9282","0104-4230"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1806-9282","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0104-4230","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"e20260376"}}