{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T11:45:33Z","timestamp":1791805533067,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras."],"abstract":"<jats:p>SUMMARY  OBJECTIVE: Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis is a self-limited inflammatory disorder and the most common cause of painful thyroid disease. Surgically treated cases offer a unique opportunity to explore its histopathological spectrum and co-occurring thyroid pathologies.  METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 44 thyroidectomy specimens diagnosed with subacute granulomatous thyroiditis between 2009 and 2019, evaluating clinical data and detailed histopathological features including inflammation extent and associated thyroid lesions.  RESULTS: The cohort comprised 36 females and 8 males (mean age 48.1\u00b18.9 years). Preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology was performed in 68.2% but correctly suggested subacute granulomatous thyroiditis in only one case. Surgery was most indicated for multinodular goiter (63.6%). All cases exhibited confluent folliculocentric granulomas; additional findings included fibrosis (90.9%), neutrophilic infiltration (63.6%), follicular atrophy (63.6%), and perineural inflammation (63.6%). Coexisting follicular nodular disease was present in 88.6% and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis in 15.9%. Concomitant malignancy was identified in 13 cases (29.5%), predominantly subcentimeter papillary thyroid carcinomas, with no significant clinicopathological associations (p&gt;0.05).  CONCLUSION: Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis demonstrates broader pathological significance than traditionally recognized. Perineural inflammation may contribute to pain generation, and the elevated malignancy rate most likely reflects incidental detection due to extensive sampling. These findings highlight diagnostic pitfalls and underscore the importance of careful pathological assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.20260876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T10:57:32Z","timestamp":1791802652000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis: histopathological spectrum, perineural inflammation, and coexisting lesions"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0721-7883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammed Yunus","family":"Akar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Recep Tayyip Erdogan University","place":["Rize, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9122-379X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan","family":"Gucer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Recep Tayyip Erdogan University","place":["Rize, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-010-1306-4","article-title":"Eponym: de Quervain thyroiditis","volume":"170","author":"Engkakul P","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-017-0655-5","article-title":"Painful Hashimoto's thyroiditis: myth or reality?","volume":"40","author":"Rotondi M","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(25)05398-4","article-title":"Hashimoto's thyroiditis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1935 through 1967","volume":"45","author":"Furszyfer J","year":"1970","journal-title":"Mayo Clin 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aspiration of de quervain's thyroiditis (subacute granulomatous thyroiditis): a cytological review of 20 cases","volume":"11","author":"Lamichaney R","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.8.4.255","article-title":"de Quervain's thyroiditis: surgical experience","volume":"8","author":"Duininck TM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2016.08.006","article-title":"de Quervain's thyroiditis: a review of experience with surgery","volume":"37","author":"Ranganath R","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"StatPearls","volume-title":"De quervain thyroiditis","author":"Tabassom A","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"138327","article-title":"Thyroidectomy for painful thyroiditis resistant to steroid treatment: three new cases with review of the literature","volume":"2015","author":"Mazza E","year":"2015","journal-title":"Case Rep Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref15","first-page":"138","article-title":"What might cause pain in the thyroid gland? Report of a patient with subacute thyroiditis of atypical presentation","volume":"63","author":"Szczepanek-Parulska E","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endokrynol Pol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.181","article-title":"A case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis preceded by subacute thyroiditis","volume":"3","author":"Mukae H","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1177\/000331970305400310","article-title":"Inflammatory diseases associated with Takayasu's arteritis","volume":"54","author":"Ohta Y","year":"2003","journal-title":"Angiology"}],"container-title":["Revista da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica Brasileira"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S0104-42302026001002208&tlng=en","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S0104-42302026001002208&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T10:57:35Z","timestamp":1791802655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-42302026001002208&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"alternative-id":["S0104-42302026001002208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1806-9282.20260876","relation":{},"ISSN":["1806-9282","0104-4230"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1806-9282","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0104-4230","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"e20260876"}}