{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T00:54:10Z","timestamp":1775264050696,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of certain technical principles and the selection of favorable cases can optimize the results of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The aim of this study is to review how ESWL works, its indications and contraindications, predictive factors for success, and its complications. A search was conducted on the Pubmed\u00ae database between January 1984 and October 2013 using \"shock wave lithotripsy\" and \"stone\" as key-words. Only articles with a high level of evidence, in English, and conducted in humans, such as clinical trials or review\/meta-analysis, were included. To optimize the search for the ESWL results, several technical factors including type of lithotripsy device, energy and frequency of pulses, coupling of the patient to the lithotriptor, location of the calculus, and type of anesthesia should be taken into consideration. Other factors related to the patient, stone size and density, skin to stone distance, anatomy of the excretory path, and kidney anomalies are also important. Antibiotic prophylaxis is not necessary, and routine double J stent placement before the procedure is not routinely recommended. Alpha-blockers, particularly tamsulosin, are useful for stones &gt;10mm. Minor complications may occur following ESWL, which generally respond well to clinical interventions. The relationship between ESWL and hypertension\/diabetes is not well established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.61.01.065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,16]],"date-time":"2015-04-16T21:39:26Z","timestamp":1429220366000},"page":"65-71","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the treatment of renal and ureteral stones"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"F\u00e1bio C\u00e9sar Miranda","family":"Torricelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Danilovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio Carvalho","family":"Vicentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Scala","family":"Marchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Srougi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Mazzucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.08.023","article-title":"The effectiveness of shock wave lithotripters: a case matched comparison","volume":"184","author":"Alanee S","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.10.025","article-title":"Effect of escalating versus fixed voltage treatment on stone comminution and renal injury during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a prospective randomized trial","volume":"183","author":"Lambert EH","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.02.033","article-title":"Shock wave technology and application: an update","volume":"59","author":"Rassweiler JJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.03.075","article-title":"Optimal frequency of shock wave lithotripsy in urolithiasis treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"190","author":"Li K","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322010001000006","article-title":"Comparison between two shock wave regimens using frequencies of 60 and 90 impulses per minute for urinary stones","volume":"65","author":"Mazzucchi E","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000165156.90011.95","article-title":"Shock wave lithotripsy at 60 or 120 shocks per minute: a randomized, double-blind trial","volume":"174","author":"Pace KT","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.07.149","article-title":"Air pockets trapped during routine coupling in dry head lithotripsy can significantly decrease the delivery of shock wave energy","volume":"176","author":"Pishchalnikov YA","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.10.049","article-title":"Effect of air bubbles in the coupling medium on efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy","volume":"51","author":"Jain A","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E871","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.11382.x","article-title":"Size and location of defects at the coupling interface affect lithotripter performance","volume":"110","author":"Li G","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.11.048","article-title":"A prospective multivariate analysis of factors predicting stone disintegration by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: the value of high-resolution noncontrast computed tomography","volume":"51","author":"El-Nahas AR","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)42499-2","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of high frequency jet ventilation during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of renal and ureteral calculi: a comparison with conventional mechanical ventilation","volume":"139","author":"Warner MA","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.03.045","article-title":"Comparison of two ventilation techniques during general anesthesia for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: high-frequency jet ventilation versus spontaneous ventilation with a laryngeal mask airway","volume":"70","author":"Cormack JR","year":"2007","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64826-4","article-title":"Comparison of intravenous sedation versus general anesthesia on the efficacy of the Doli 50 lithotriptor","volume":"168","author":"Sorensen C","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35042-5","article-title":"Management of lower pole nephrolithiasis: a critical analysis","volume":"151","author":"Lingeman JE","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590410028683","article-title":"Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy or ureteroscopy as primary treatment for ureteric stones: a retrospective study comparing two different treatment strategies","volume":"40","author":"Lindqvist K","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand J Urol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-012-0484-0","article-title":"Urgent shock wave lithotripsy as first-line treatment for ureteral stones: a meta-analysis of 570 patients","volume":"40","author":"Picozzi SC","year":"2012","journal-title":"Urol Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64923-1","article-title":"Contemporary clinical practice of shock wave lithotripsy: a reevaluation of contraindications","volume":"157","author":"Streem SB","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-005-3155-z","article-title":"Prognostic factors of success of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in the treatment of renal stones","volume":"38","author":"Al-Ansari A","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2008.05.046","article-title":"Stone attenuation and skin-to-stone distance on computed tomography predicts for stone fragmentation by shock wave lithotripsy","volume":"72","author":"Perks AE","year":"2008","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.03.109","article-title":"A clinical nomogram to predict the successful shock wave lithotripsy of renal and ureteral calculi","volume":"186","author":"Wiesenthal JD","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.06.089","article-title":"Preoperative nomograms for predicting stone-free rate after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy","volume":"176","author":"Kanao K","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1089\/end.1998.12.113","article-title":"Lower-pole caliceal stone clearance after shockwave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and flexible ureteroscopy: impact of radiographic spatial anatomy","volume":"12","author":"Elbahnasy AM","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2000.14.475","article-title":"Is there a simpler method for predicting lower pole stone clearance after shockwave lithotripsy than measuring infundibulopelvic angle","volume":"14","author":"Tuckey J","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1089\/end.1997.11.157","article-title":"Comparative follow-up of patients with acute and obtuse infundibulum-pelvic angle submitted to extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for lower caliceal stones: preliminary report and proposed study design","volume":"11","author":"Sampaio FJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.04.014","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis for shock wave lithotripsy in patients with sterile urine before treatment may be unnecessary: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"188","author":"Lu Y","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1159\/000093916","article-title":"Shock wave lithotripsy in solitary functioning kidneys: is prophylactic stenting necessary?","volume":"77","author":"Kumar S","year":"2006","journal-title":"Urol Int"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.05.073","article-title":"Use of ureteral stent in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for upper urinary calculi: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"186","author":"Shen P","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.09014.x","article-title":"Alpha-Blockers to assist stone clearance after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"Zhu Y","year":"2010","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2011.04.062","article-title":"Adjuvant tamsulosin or nifedipine after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for renal stones: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"78","author":"Vicentini FC","year":"2011","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"170","article-title":"Complications of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: prevention and treatment","volume":"4","author":"Newman RC","year":"1986","journal-title":"Semin Urol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1988.tb09153.x","article-title":"Methodology, results and complications in 2000 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy procedures","volume":"61","author":"Sofras F","year":"1988","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-009-0247-8","article-title":"Complications and outcomes following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a prospective study of 3.241 patients","volume":"38","author":"Salem S","year":"2010","journal-title":"Urol Res"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"447","article-title":"Conservative treatment of severe renal trauma after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy","volume":"38","author":"Marchini GS","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Col Bras Cir"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2012.0261","article-title":"Risk factors for perinephric hematoma formation after shockwave lithotripsy: a matched case-control analysis","volume":"26","author":"Razvi H","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2011.10291.x","article-title":"Twenty-year prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in patients receiving shock-wave lithotripsy for urolithiasis","volume":"109","author":"Chew BH","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.09.033","article-title":"Shock wave lithotripsy is not predictive of hypertension among community stone formers at long-term followup","volume":"185","author":"Krambeck AE","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2010.11.006","article-title":"Shock wave lithotripsy associated with greater prevalence of hypertension","volume":"78","author":"Barbosa PV","year":"2011","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2008.07.066","article-title":"Shock wave lithotripsy not associated with development of diabetes mellitus at 6 years of follow-up","volume":"73","author":"Makhlouf AA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2011.07.1430","article-title":"Shock wave lithotripsy and diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study","volume":"79","author":"De C\u00f3g\u00e1in M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.01.095","article-title":"Long-term effects of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on renal function: our experience with 156 patients with solitary kidney","volume":"179","author":"El-Assmy A","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Urol"}],"container-title":["Revista da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica Brasileira"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/ramb\/v61n1\/0104-4230-ramb-61-01-0065.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T16:07:06Z","timestamp":1566576426000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-42302015000100018&lng=en&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0104-42302015000100018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1806-9282.61.01.065","relation":{},"ISSN":["0104-4230"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0104-4230","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}}}