{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T19:18:06Z","timestamp":1793992686083,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Summary In the critical phase of immunological immaturity of the newborn, particularly for the immune system of mucous membranes, infants receive large amounts of bioactive components through colostrum and breast milk. Colostrum is the most potent natural immune booster known to science. Breastfeeding protects infants against infections mainly via secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies, but also via other various bioactive factors. It is striking that the defense factors of human milk function without causing inflammation; some components are even anti-inflammatory. Protection against infections has been well evidenced during lactation against, e.g., acute and prolonged diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, including otitis media, urinary tract infection, neonatal septicemia, and necrotizing enterocolitis. The milk\u2019s immunity content changes over time. In the early stages of lactation, IgA, anti-inflammatory factors and, more likely, immunologically active cells provide additional support for the immature immune system of the neonate. After this period, breast milk continues to adapt extraordinarily to the infant\u2019s ontogeny and needs regarding immune protection and nutrition. The need to encourage breastfeeding is therefore justifiable, at least during the first 6 months of life, when the infant\u2019s secretory IgA production is insignificant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.62.06.584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]],"date-time":"2016-11-09T21:08:15Z","timestamp":1478725695000},"page":"584-593","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":187,"title":["Immunology of breast milk"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Palmeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magda","family":"Carneiro-Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FMUSP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Developmental immunology and role of host defenses in neonatal susceptibility to infection","author":"Lewis DB","year":"2011","edition":"7.ed"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb06049.x","article-title":"The transfer of immunity from mother to child","volume":"987","author":"Hanson LA","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-4526(07)00002-2","article-title":"The immunological components of human milk","volume":"54","author":"Hosea Blewett HJ","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv Food Nutr Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665107005654","article-title":"Session 1: Feeding and infant development. 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