{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T21:55:11Z","timestamp":1766181311944,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras."],"abstract":"<jats:p>SUMMARY  OBJECTIVE  This study aims to investigate the causes of misdiagnosis in assessing tubal patency by transvaginal real-time three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (TVS RT-3D-HyCoSy), in order to improve the diagnostic efficiency of TVS RT-3D-HyCoSy.  METHODS  A total of 162 oviducts of 83 infertility patients were examined by TVS RT-3D-HyCoSy. These results were compared with the gold standard for laparoscopic dye studies, and the misdiagnosed cases were analyzed.  RESULTS  TVS RT-3D-HyCoSy revealed that 68 oviducts were unobstructed and 94 obstructed. The results for the 144 oviducts were in line with the gold standard, while those for 18 oviducts were not. The accuracy rate of the TVS RT-3D-HyCoSy was 88.9%, and the misdiagnosis rate was 11.1%. The main causes of misdiagnosis included contrast medium countercurrent and diffusion, oviduct spasm, abnormal shape or position of the oviduct, pelvic adhesion, and poor imaging operation.  CONCLUSION  TVS RT-3D-HyCoSy can well-evaluate tubal patency, and understand and improve the cause of misdiagnosis. Furthermore, the diagnostic efficiency of TVS RT-3D-HyCoSy can still be further improved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.65.8.1055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T19:27:48Z","timestamp":1568230068000},"page":"1055-1060","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Causes of misdiagnosis in assessing tubal patency by transvaginal real-time three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5490-2147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University,  China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4235-6649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing-Qing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University,  China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9298-5323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing-Hua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University,  China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7222-1836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng-Yun","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University,  China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1027-5051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu-Li","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University,  China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5946-5513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cui-Xia","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University,  China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der046","article-title":"Should a hysterosalpingogram be a first-line investigation to diagnose female tubal subfertility in the modern subfertility workup?","volume":"26","author":"Lim CP","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7442","article-title":"Automated sonographic tubal patency evaluation with three-dimensional coded contrast imaging (CCI) during hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (HyCoSy)","volume":"34","author":"Exacoustos C","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11200","article-title":"Automated three-dimensional coded contrast imaging hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography: feasibility in office tubal patency testing","volume":"41","author":"Exacoustos C","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.18761","article-title":"An audit of our experience on the use of hysterosalpingo-contrast-sonography (HyCoSy)","volume":"50","author":"Serra V","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610500107288","article-title":"An audit of patients investigated by Hysterosalpingo-Contrast-Sonography (HyCoSy) for infertility","volume":"25","author":"Shahid N","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.18265","article-title":"Evaluating tubal patency using three different ultrasound techniques: interobserver reliability, agreement and diagnostic accuracy","volume":"50","author":"Ludwin I","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11085","article-title":"Value of three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography with SonoVue in the assessment of tubal patency","volume":"40","author":"Zhou L","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14244","article-title":"Assessment of fallopian tube fimbria patency with 4-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography in infertile women","volume":"36","author":"Wang W","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.32.7.1233","article-title":"First experience using 4-dimensional hysterosalpingo- contrast sonography with SonoVue for assessing fallopian tube patency","volume":"32","author":"He Y","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.5653\/cerm.2012.39.4.161","article-title":"Hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography: is possible to quantify the therapeutic effect of a diagnostic test?","volume":"39","author":"Giugliano E","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Reprod Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2342-13-28","article-title":"Hysterosalpingocontrast sonography (HyCoSy): evaluation of the pain perception, side effects and complications","volume":"13","author":"Marci R","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.16.03041","article-title":"Three-dimensional HyCoSy with perfluoropropane-albumin microspheres as contrast agents and normal saline injections into the pelvic cavity for morphological assessment of the fallopian tube in infertile women","volume":"36","author":"Hong Q","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-016-4259-7","article-title":"Four-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography with auxiliary hydrogen peroxide examination for the diagnosis of fallopian tube patency following interventional treatment of ovarian ectopic cysts","volume":"295","author":"Kong D","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.22412","article-title":"Sonohysterosalpingography: comparison of foam and saline solution","volume":"45","author":"Piccioni MG","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasoud"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.05.042","article-title":"Hysterosalpingo-foam sonography, a less 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