{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T03:14:01Z","timestamp":1793157241643,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras."],"abstract":"<jats:p>SUMMARY  OBJECTIVES  This study was conducted to reveal the possible protective effects of ticagrelor and enoxaparin pretreatment against ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced injury on the lung tissue of a rat model.  METHODS  Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: group-1 (control-sham), group-2 (control-saline+IR), group-3 (ticagrelor+IR), group-4 (enoxaparin+IR). Before the ischemic period, saline, ticagrelor, and enoxaparin were administered to the 2nd-4th groups, respectively. In these groups, IR injury was induced by clamping the aorta infrarenally for 2 h, followed by 4 h of reperfusion except group-1. After the rats were euthanized, the lungs were processed for histological examinations. Paraffin sections were stained with Haematoxylin&amp;Eosin (H&amp;E) for light microscopic observation. Apoptosis was evaluated by caspase-3 immunoreactivity. Data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS software.  RESULTS  In the lung sections stained with H&amp;E, a normal histological structure was observed in group-1, whereas disorganized epithelial cells, hemorrhage, and inflammatory cell infiltration were seen in the alveolar wall in group-2. The histologic structure of the treatment groups was better than that of group-2. Caspase-3(+) apoptotic cells were noticeable in sections of group-2 and were lower in the treatment groups. In group-4, caspase-3 immunostaining was lower than in group-3. In group-2, apoptotic cells were significantly higher than in the other groups (p&lt;0.001).  CONCLUSION  Based on the histological results, we suggested that both therapies ameliorated the detrimental effects of IR. Caspase-3 immunohistochemistry results also revealed that pre-treatment with enoxaparin gave better results in an IR-induced rat injury model. In further studies, other parameters such as ROS and inflammatory gene expressions should be evaluated for accurate results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.65.9.1193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T17:21:50Z","timestamp":1570814510000},"page":"1193-1200","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Investigation of the protective effect of enoxaparin and ticagrelor pretreatment against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat lung tissue"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6959-7069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orhan","family":"F\u0131nd\u0131k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Derince Education and Research Hospital,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5463-2634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melda Yard\u0131moglu","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kocaeli University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8472-0261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusufhan","family":"Yaz\u0131r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kocaeli University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0501-1679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selenay Furat","family":"Ren\u00e7ber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kocaeli University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9973-8619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K\u00fcbra Kavram","family":"Sar\u0131han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kocaeli University,  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