{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T19:33:54Z","timestamp":1778873634057,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras."],"abstract":"<jats:p>SUMMARY  BACKGROUND Healthcare personnel are at risk of becoming infected while taking upper and\/or lower respiratory tract specimens. Therefore, there is a need for sampling methods that do not risk infecting them. In this study, we aimed to compare the saliva and Oro-Nasopharyngeal Swab (ONS) sampling methods.  METHODS Patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 included patients whose diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Group 2 included patients with COVID-19 compatible findings in lung computed tomography (CT), but with a negative PCR. Group 3 included patients who presented to the emergency department with COVID-19 compatible complaints but had normal CT. Saliva and ONS samples were taken on the third day of hospitalization in groups 1 and 2, whereas in group 3, they were taken at the time of admission to the hospital.  RESULTS A total of 64 patients were included in the study. The average age was 51.04 \u00b1 17.9 years, and 37 (57.8%) were male. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 27 (42.2%) patients\u2019 saliva samples. While the sensitivity and positive predictive value of saliva samples were 85.2%, specificity and negative predictive value were 89.2%. The value of kappa was in substantial agreement (0.744), and it was found statistically significant (&lt;0.001).  CONCLUSIONS Saliva samples can be used instead of ONS samples in detecting SARS-CoV-2. Investigating SARS-CoV-2 with saliva is cheaper, easier for the patient and overall, and, most importantly, it poses much less risk of SARS-CoV-2 contamination to healthcare personnel.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.66.8.1116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T17:10:19Z","timestamp":1599844219000},"page":"1116-1121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Comparison of saliva and oro-nasopharyngeal swab sample in the molecular diagnosis of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2860-2831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ertu\u011frul","family":"G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sakarya University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8101-1104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Koroglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sakarya University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3917-9434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuf","family":"Y\u00fcr\u00fcmez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sakarya University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6893-8490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hande","family":"Toptan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sakarya University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2232-4538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elif","family":"Kose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sakarya University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8433-3763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatih","family":"G\u00fcneysu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sakarya University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1514-1685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O\u011fuz","family":"Karabay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sakarya University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Coronavirus Resource Center"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-020-0767-8","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical update","volume":"14","author":"Zhou M","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.2003.03011","article-title":"Current status of epidemiology, diagnosis, therapeutics, and vaccines for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"30","author":"Ahn DG","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Laboratory testing for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in suspected human cases. Interim Guidance 19 March 2020","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref6","first-page":"360","article-title":"Understanding interobserver agreement: the Kappa statistic","volume":"37","author":"Viera AJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref7","first-page":"1843","article-title":"Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens","volume":"323","author":"Wang W","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"1,716 medics infected by virus on Chinese mainland","author":"Hou L","year":"2020","journal-title":"China Daily"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"States lack key data on virus cases among medical workers","author":"Bellisle M"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Care for the psychological status of frontline medical staff fighting against COVID-19","author":"Huang J","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4025","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02292-10","article-title":"Epithelial cells lining salivary gland ducts are early target cells of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the upper respiratory tracts of rhesus macaques","volume":"85","author":"Liu L","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva","author":"To KKW","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6490","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb3221","article-title":"Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2)","volume":"368","author":"Li R","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Revista da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica Brasileira"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/ramb\/v66n8\/1806-9282-ramb-66-8-1116.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,24]],"date-time":"2021-01-24T03:56:55Z","timestamp":1611460615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-42302020000801116&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0104-42302020000801116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1806-9282.66.8.1116","relation":{},"ISSN":["1806-9282","0104-4230"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1806-9282","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0104-4230","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}}}