{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,26]],"date-time":"2024-01-26T21:03:28Z","timestamp":1706303008033},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. bras. epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>ABSTRACT:  Background:  Knowing the reasons for seeking HIV testing is central for HIV prevention. Despite the availability of free HIV counseling and testing in Brazil, coverage remains lacking.  Methods:  Survey of 4,760 respondents from urban areas was analyzed. Individual-level variables included sociodemographic characteristics; sexual and reproductive health; HIV\/AIDS treatment knowledge and beliefs; being personally acquainted with a person with HIV\/AIDS; and holding discriminatory ideas about people living with HIV. Contextual-level variables included the Human Development Index (HDI) of the municipality; prevalence of HIV\/AIDS; and availability of local HIV counseling and testing (CT) services. The dependent variable was client-initiated testing. Multilevel Poisson regression models with random intercepts were used to assess associated factors.  Results:  Common individual-level variables among men and women included being personally acquainted with a person with HIV\/AIDS and age; whereas discordant variables included those related to sexual and reproductive health and experiencing sexual violence. Among contextual-level factors, availability of CT services was variable associated with client-initiated testing among women only. The contextual-level variable \u201cHDI of the municipality\u201d was associated with client-initiated testing among women.  Conclusion:  Thus, marked gender differences in HIV testing were found, with a lack of HIV testing among married women and heterosexual men, groups that do not spontaneously seek testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-5497201700030004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]],"date-time":"2017-11-08T22:46:50Z","timestamp":1510181210000},"page":"394-407","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Individual- and contextual-level factors associated with client-initiated HIV testing"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Claudia Renata dos Santos","family":"Barros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica de Santos,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliana Miura","family":"Zucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica de Santos,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilia 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