{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T10:30:18Z","timestamp":1781778618902,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. bras. epidemiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>ABSTRACT:  Objectives:  The aims of this study were to explore the shape of the relationship of income and education with periodontal health, and to assess the interactions between them and race\/ethnicity.  Method:  Individual level data from the Brazilian National Oral Health Survey in 2010 (Pesquisa Nacional de Sa\u00fade Bucal-SB Brasil 2010) were obtained for 9,779 subjects. Relations between per capita income and education with periodontal health were smoothed using Locally Weighted Scatter-plot Smoother (Lowess) technique. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess independent effects of income, education, race\/ethnicity adjusted for age, sex and time since last dental appointment.  Results:  Prevalence of adults with moderate to severe and severe periodontitis was 17.6 and 6.5%, respectively. The relationship between periodontal health and income was curvilinear, showing a threshold of no relationship for income levels higher than US$ 600\/month. In multivariable analysis, after controlling for covariates, only income was significantly associated with periodontal health. There was no significant interaction of income with race or education, neither between race and education.  Conclusion:  The relation between periodontal health and income was curvilinear and indicated the presence of a threshold, supporting income transfer programs. Beyond the threshold, only education presented a negative linear relationship with moderate to severe periodontitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-549720190001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]],"date-time":"2019-02-05T12:49:31Z","timestamp":1549370971000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Threshold-effect of income on periodontitis and interactions with race\/ethnicity and education"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2468-6655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger Keller","family":"Celeste","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Cioccari","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,  Brazil; University of Amsterdam,  Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5538-1088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger","family":"Junges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oslo,  Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2011.00425.x","article-title":"The global burden of periodontal disease: Towards integration with chronic disease prevention and control","volume":"60","author":"Petersen PE","year":"2012","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"29","article-title":"Social inequalities and periodontal disease: Multilevel approach in sbbrasil 2010 survey","volume":"47","author":"Vettore MV","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Sa\u00fade 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