{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T22:52:49Z","timestamp":1772232769705,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. bras. epidemiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>ABSTRACT  Objective: To identify clusters of high and low risk for the occurrence of leptospirosis in space and space-time in Acre, between 2001 and 2022, as well as to characterize temporal trends and epidemiological profiles of the disease in the state.  Methods: An ecological study of cases mandatorily reported by health services in Brazil. For the analysis of clusters in space and space-time, the SaTScan software was used, which calculated the relative risks (RR). Additionally, temporal trends were obtained using Prais-Winsten linear regression and epidemiological profiles estimated by incidences by sex and age group.  Results: A high-risk spatial cluster was identified in Rio Branco, Bujari, and Porto Acre (RR=2.94), occurring mainly between 2013 and 2015, according to the space-time cluster (RR=9.51). The municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul also showed a high-risk spatial cluster (RR=1.31). This municipality and contiguous municipalities showed an increasing temporal trend in cases, while the other municipalities in the state showed a stationary temporal trend. The disease mainly affected men between 20 and 59 years old, followed by young people aged 10 to 19 years. However, the RR of leptospirosis in older women was 2.1 times higher than in older men (95%CI 1.6-2.9).  Conclusion: The findings indicated that leptospirosis, although endemic in the state, had a more significant incidence in certain municipalities and years. Therefore, it is necessary to act with greater or lesser intensity in specific locations and periods, both for the prevention and control of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-549720240063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T07:20:14Z","timestamp":1734333614000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Spatial, temporal, and space-time analysis of leptospirosis cases in Acre, 2001-2022"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2847-0242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo Augusto Kohara","family":"Melchior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Acre,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9196-1590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K\u00edvia Roberta Costa","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Acre,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3646-6040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Elisa Pereira","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2686-8740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Chiaravalloti-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Leptospirosis [Internet]","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Human leptospirosis: guidance for diagnosis, surveillance and control 2024","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade [Internet]","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref4","first-page":"903","article-title":"Leptospirosis and its spatial and temporal relations with natural disasters in six municipalities of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from 2000 to 2016","volume":"15","author":"Silva AEP","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geospat Health"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Spatio-temporal analysis of leptospirosis in Eastern Amazon, State of Par\u00e1, Brazil","volume":"23","author":"Cerveira RA","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Bras Epidem"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2023.1221","article-title":"An investigation of geographical clusters of leptospirosis during the outbreak in Pangandaran, West Java, Indonesia","volume":"18","author":"Widawati M","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geospat Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12549","article-title":"Spatial epidemiological approaches to inform leptospirosis surveillance and control: a systematic review and critical appraisal of methods","volume":"66","author":"Dhewantaara PW","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Geoprocessing and spatial analysis for identifying leptospirosis risk areas: a systematic review","volume":"62","author":"Souza IPO","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Brasil\/Acre [Internet]","year":"2024"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1127\/0941-2948\/2013\/0507","article-title":"K\u00f6ppen's climate classification map for Brazil","volume":"22","author":"Alvares CA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Meteorol Z"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"SaTScan v10.1.1 Software for the spatial and space-time scan statistics [Internet]","author":"Kulldorff M","year":"2009"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.5123\/S1679-49742015000300024","article-title":"Uso da an\u00e1lise de s\u00e9ries temporais em estudos epidemiol\u00f3gicos","volume":"24","author":"Antunes JLF","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol. 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extremes: Increasing droughts and floods in Brazil's state of Acre","volume":"21","author":"Silva SS","year":"2023","journal-title":"Perspect Ecol Conserv"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-81232022273.45982020","article-title":"Tend\u00eancia temporal da leptospirose e sua associa\u00e7\u00e3o com vari\u00e1veis clim\u00e1ticas e ambientais em Santa Catarina, Brasil","volume":"27","author":"Silva AEP","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ci\u00eanc Sa\u00fade Coletiva"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Spatial analysis and factors associated with leptospirosis in Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2001-2015","volume":"53","author":"Silva AEP","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref23","first-page":"239","article-title":"Cholera and the water supply in the south districts of London in 1854","volume":"2","author":"Snow J","year":"1856","journal-title":"J Public Health Sanit Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003843","article-title":"Environmental and behavioural determinants of leptospirosis transmission: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Mwachui MA","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref25","article-title":"Human leptospirosis in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2007-2013: characterization of confirmed cases and spatial distribution","volume":"28","author":"Magalh\u00e3es VS","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol Serv Saude"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539516648003","article-title":"Serological Prevalence of Leptospirosis Among Rural Communities in the Rejang Basin, Sarawak, Malaysia","volume":"28","author":"Suut L","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Public Health"}],"container-title":["Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia"],"original-title":["An\u00e1lise espacial, temporal e espa\u00e7otemporal dos casos de leptospirose no Acre, 2001-2022"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S1415-790X2024000100457&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T07:20:21Z","timestamp":1734333621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-790X2024000100457&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["S1415-790X2024000100457"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1980-549720240063","relation":{"is-translation-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1590\/1980-549720240063.2","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1590\/1980-549720240063.2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1980-5497","1415-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1980-5497","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1415-790X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"article-number":"e240063"}}