{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T22:53:12Z","timestamp":1772232792593,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. bras. epidemiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>ABSTRACT  Objective:  To analyze the prevalence of early detection tests for cervical, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers in the population of Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo and the presence of social inequalities in access.  Methods:  Population-based cross-sectional study using data from ISACamp 2014\/15. Dependent variables were the performance of Pap smear, mammogram, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and colonoscopy\/sigmoidoscopy within the age ranges recommended by national guidelines. Independent variables included sex, age, schooling, income, race\/skin color, and private health insurance. Prevalence and prevalence ratio adjusted for sex and age were estimated using Poisson regression. Analyses were performed using Stata 14, considering sampling weights.  Results:  The prevalence of mammography (77.7%) and Pap smear (87.8%) met the targets set by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, while FOBT (22.3%) and colonoscopy\/sigmoidoscopy (21.5%) showed low coverage. PSA testing in the previous three years was reported by 55.2% of eligible men. Higher prevalence of test performance was observed among individuals with higher schooling and income levels and those with private health insurance. Inequalities varied by type of test. For instance, individuals with private health insurance had 11 and 162% higher prevalence of Pap test and colonoscopy\/sigmoidoscopy, respectively, compared to those without insurance. Racial inequality was observed only for mammography.  Conclusion:  The results indicate high coverage and lower inequalities for Pap and mammography, and low coverage with significant disparities for FOBT and colonoscopy\/sigmoidoscopy. Findings highlight the need to monitor coverage and to implement public policies aimed at reducing inequities in access to cancer screening.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-549720250043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T21:28:13Z","timestamp":1754342893000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and social inequalities in the use of cancer screening tests in Campinas, Brazil (ISACamp 2014\/15)"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2562-1910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca Gastaldon","family":"Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3974-195X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marilisa Berti de Azevedo","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","first-page":"325","article-title":"Envelhecimento populacional e doen\u00e7as cr\u00f4nicas: Reflex\u00f5es sobre os desafios para o Sistema de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica","volume":"18","author":"Barreto MS","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kair\u00f3s-Gerontol"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Estimativa 2023: incid\u00eancia do c\u00e2ncer no Brasil","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung H","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Guide to cancer early diagnosis","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Detec\u00e7\u00e3o precoce do c\u00e2ncer","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Against cancer - cancer screening in the European Union (2017): Report on the implementation of the Council Recommendation on cancer screening","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"WHO report on cancer: setting priorities, investing wisely and providing care for all","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k3519","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k3519","article-title":"Prostate cancer screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"362","author":"Ilic D","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"2019 National Health Interview Survey Questionnaire Redesign","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Cervical Screening Programme, England - 2018-2019","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Cancer screening prevalence and associated factors among US adults","volume":"19","author":"Ma ZQ","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq003","article-title":"Socio-economic inequalities in breast and cervical cancer screening practices in Europe: influence of the type of screening program","volume":"39","author":"Pal\u00e8ncia L","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2722","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17890","article-title":"Prevalence of colorectal cancer screening test use by test type and age among older adults in the United States","volume":"70","author":"Adam EE","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"47","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5907","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.5907","article-title":"Colorectal cancer screening in Europe","volume":"15","author":"Zavoral M","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"SE1","article-title":"European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. First Edition--Executive summary","volume":"44","author":"Von Karsa L","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"issue":"9959","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60525-0","article-title":"Screening and prostate cancer mortality: results of the European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) at 13 years of follow-up","volume":"384","author":"Schr\u00f6der FH","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0000000000000539","article-title":"Prostate cancer screening in Portugal: prevalence and perception of potential benefits and adverse effects","volume":"29","author":"Braga R","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Social environment and cancer in Europe: towards an evidence-based public health policy","author":"Launoy G","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckz236","article-title":"Inequalities in participation in colorectal cancer screening programmes: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Mosquera I","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref20","first-page":"55","article-title":"Papanicolaou test in Brazil: analysis of the National Health Survey of 2013 and 2019","volume":"57","author":"Silva GA","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2006001100007","article-title":"Fatores associados \u00e0 n\u00e3o realiza\u00e7\u00e3o do exame de Papanicolaou: um estudo de base populacional no Munic\u00edpio de Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil","volume":"22","author":"Amorim VMSL","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1590\/1809-4503201400060012","article-title":"Equity of access to Pap smears: population-based study in Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"17","author":"Amorim VMSL","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Bras Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2022.100160","article-title":"Social inequalities in access to cancer screening and early detection: A population-based study in the city of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"78","author":"Santos EFS","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2008001100017","article-title":"Fatores associados a n\u00e3o realiza\u00e7\u00e3o da mamografia e do exame cl\u00ednico das mamas: um estudo de base populacional em Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil","volume":"24","author":"Amorim 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