{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T12:09:49Z","timestamp":1778242189093,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. bras. epidemiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>ABSTRACT  Objective: To analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of probable infection sites (PIS) for Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) and to evaluate changes in the occurrence pattern in an endemic area in the interior of the state of S\u00e3o Paulo.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 40 confirmed cases of BSF (2007\u20132024) with identified PIS in the municipality of Americana, S\u00e3o Paulo. Data were obtained from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sistema de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o de Agravos de Notifica\u00e7\u00e3o), epidemiological investigation reports, and acarological surveys. For each georeferenced PIS, data on microclimate, altimetry, slope, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and proximity to water bodies were analyzed.  Results: Cases were atypically concentrated in the first half of the year, differing from the expected pattern for areas of transmission by Amblyomma sculptum, influenced by the outbreak recorded in 2018. PIS were concentrated near water bodies, in areas of degraded riparian forest and microclimates characterized by mild temperatures and high humidity, with low NDVI values, low altitude, and low slope. Spatial clustering was observed, along with an expansion of transmission toward urbanized areas over the study period: initially (2007\u20132015, nine cases) in the northern\/northeastern portion of the municipality, in bordering regions, and more recently (2016\u20132024, 25 cases) advancing toward central areas, with the formation of large clusters.  Conclusion: The findings indicate an eco-epidemiological alert scenario associated with the proximity between high densities of vectors, amplifying hosts, and human populations, reinforcing the need for intensified surveillance and targeted health education starting in the second quarter of the year.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-549720260020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T11:15:20Z","timestamp":1778238920000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatial and temporal distribution of Brazilian spotted fever in an endemic area: epidemiological profile of a zoonosis in constant adaptation to anthropogenic actions"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9536-5314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jardel","family":"Brasil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Surveillance Unit,  Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Campinas,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4596-3268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano","family":"Pinter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4976-9238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo Nogueira","family":"Angerami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4457-9897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Rita","family":"Donalisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86821995000200010","article-title":"Febre maculosa no munic\u00edpio de Pedreira, Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil: rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre ocorr\u00eancia de casos e parasitismo por ixod\u00eddios","volume":"28","author":"Lima VCL","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2003000100038","article-title":"Situa\u00e7\u00e3o da febre maculosa na regi\u00e3o administrativa de Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil","volume":"19","author":"Lima VLC","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"issue":"69","key":"ref3","first-page":"4","article-title":"Situa\u00e7\u00e3o epidemiol\u00f3gica e import\u00e2ncia da febre maculosa no Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","volume":"6","author":"Katz G","year":"2009","journal-title":"BEPA"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref4","article-title":"Estudo descritivo de casos notificados de febre maculosa em S\u00e3o Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais entre 2007 e 2016","volume":"31","author":"Rodrigues CM","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade Coletiva"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral de Vigil\u00e2ncia de Zoonoses e Doen\u00e7as de Transmiss\u00e3o Vetorial. 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landscapes: diversity and occurrence of Brazilian spotted fever in Brazil","volume":"12","author":"Serpa MCA","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"issue":"505","key":"ref33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spotted fever: epidemiology and vector-rickettsia-host relationship in Rio de Janeiro state","volume":"8","author":"Montenegro DC","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref34","first-page":"38","article-title":"Epidemiologia da febre maculosa na regi\u00e3o metropolitana de Jundia\u00ed, no Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo e no Brasil","volume":"3","author":"Saragiotto BT","year":"2021","journal-title":"Revista Multidisciplinar da Sa\u00fade"}],"container-title":["Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia"],"original-title":["Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o espacial e temporal da febre maculosa brasileira em \u00e1rea end\u00eamica: perfil epidemiol\u00f3gico de uma zoonose em constante adapta\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s a\u00e7\u00f5es antr\u00f3picas"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S1415-790X2026000101019&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T11:15:25Z","timestamp":1778238925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-790X2026000101019&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S1415-790X2026000101019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1980-549720260020","relation":{"is-translation-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1590\/1980-549720260020.2","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1590\/1980-549720260020.2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1980-5497","1415-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1980-5497","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1415-790X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"e260020"}}