{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:02:54Z","timestamp":1791198174541,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. bras. epidemiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>ABSTRACT  Objective:  To analyze the statistical association of trust in a sexual partner and inconsistent condom use among men who have sex with men in Brazil.  Methods:  Data came from a nationwide biological and behavioral surveillance cross-sectional study conducted in 2016 across 12 Brazilian cities with 4,176 men who have sex with men, utilizing respondent-driven sampling. This analysis focused on 2,010 men who have sex with men. We analyzed the data using Poisson Regression with robust standard errors. Weights and design were incorporated.  Results:  Almost half of the men who have sex with men had inconsistent condom use during their last anal intercourse (48.9%, n=880). Inconsistent condom use was more prevalent among men who have sex with men who said they accept having sex without using a condom when trusting their sexual partner (84.2%, p&lt;0.0001). Trust in a sexual partner had a strong association with inconsistent condom use during last anal intercourse among all men who have sex with men (adjusted prevalence ratio (PRa) of 1.73, 95%CI 1.25-2.40, p&lt;0.0001). This association remains statistically significant in our stratified analysis among single\/separated\/widowed men who have sex with men (PRa=1.93, 95%CI 1.44-2.60, p&lt;0.0001) and among men who have sex with men who are married\/live together (PRa=1.31, 95%CI 1.11-1.77, p=0.045), indicating that trust can be experienced in different relationship contexts, not only with main or steady partners, such as a husband or boyfriend.  Conclusion:  Trust plays an important role in sexual behavior among men who have sex with men, and it is related to a higher prevalence of inconsistent condom use. Since the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men in Brazil appears to be growing, future prevention strategies have to consider this and incorporate trust into counseling actions because trusting relationships also carry a risk of HIV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-549720260052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:45:15Z","timestamp":1791197115000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inconsistent condom use among men who have sex with men in Brazil: the role of trusting the sexual partner"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9120-2841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonatan da Rosa Pereira da","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul","place":["Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4817-9789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael Steffens","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul","place":["Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8249-0482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afonso Valau de","family":"Lima Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense","place":["Crici\u00fama, SC, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1947-9579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea Fachel","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul","place":["Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3752-0782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laio","family":"Magno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Estado da Bahia","place":["Salvador, BA, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1675-2146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ines","family":"Dourado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia","place":["Salvador, BA, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1159-5762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Am\u00e9lia de Sousa Mascena","family":"Veras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0794-4333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl","family":"Kendall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane University","place":["Louisiana, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4941-408X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ligia Regina Sansigolo","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","place":["Fortaleza, CE, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8641-0240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Riva","family":"Knauth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul","place":["Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Procurement process resource guide. Processus d\u2019acquisition: guide pratique","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1S","key":"ref2","first-page":"e34","article-title":"New HIV infections among key populations and their partners in 2010 and 2022, by world region: a multisources estimation","volume":"95","author":"Korenromp EL","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAIDS"},{"issue":"1 Suppl.","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S62","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000009079","article-title":"Comparing HIV risk-related behaviors between 2 RDS national samples of MSM in Brazil, 2009 and 2016","volume":"97","author":"Guimar\u00e3es MDC","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"1 Suppl.","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010573","article-title":"HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in Brazil: results of the 2nd national survey using respondent-driven sampling","volume":"97","author":"Kerr L","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Boletim Epidemiol\u00f3gico de HIV e Aids","year":"2025"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0398-4","article-title":"Unprotected receptive anal intercourse among men who have sex with men in Brazil","volume":"17","author":"Rocha GM","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462418802927","article-title":"Correlates of condomless anal intercourse among men who have sex with men in Santiago de Chile","volume":"30","author":"Fernandez-Rollan L","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053369","article-title":"Factors associated with condom use and HIV testing among young men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional survey in a random online sample in Sweden","volume":"94","author":"Johansson K","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-205","article-title":"Multi-dimensional factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse with regular partners among Chinese men who have sex with men in Hong Kong: A respondent-driven sampling survey","volume":"14","author":"Cai Y","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9839","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60821-6","article-title":"Global epidemiology of HIV infection in men who have sex with men","volume":"380","author":"Beyrer C","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations","author":"Beyrer C","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195000","article-title":"Structural barriers to HIV prevention among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vietnam: Diversity, stigma, and healthcare access","volume":"13","author":"Philbin MM","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4-5","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2018.1523999","article-title":"Trust, sexual trust, and sexual health: an interrogative review","volume":"56","author":"Fortenberry JD","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sex Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2010.507772","article-title":"The fallacy of intimacy: Sexual risk behaviour and beliefs about trust and condom use among men who have sex with men in South Africa","volume":"15","author":"Knox J","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2014.979884","article-title":"\u2018Sometimes people let love conquer them\u2019: how love, intimacy, and trust in relationships between men who have sex with men influence perceptions of sexual risk and sexual decision-making","volume":"17","author":"Goldenberg T","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cult Health Sex"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"HIV\/AIDS knowledge among MSM in Brazil: a challenge for public policies","volume":"22","author":"Guimar\u00e3es MDC","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Bras Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref17","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of unprotected anal intercourse with regular male sex partners among HIV negative men who have sex with men in China: A cross-sectional survey","volume":"10","author":"Li D","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-549720230019","article-title":"Inconsistent condom use with casual partners among men who have sex with men in Brazil: a cross-sectional study","volume":"26","author":"Hentges B","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev Bras Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref19","article-title":"Fatores associados ao uso inconsistente de preservativo com parceiros comerciais entre homens que fazem sexo com homens no Brasil","volume":"38","author":"Silva JDRPD","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15122815","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with inconsistent condom use among men who have sex with men (MSM) who use mobile geo-social networking applications in Greater Tokyo","volume":"15","author":"Hill A","year":"2018","journal-title":"IJERPH"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835ad504","article-title":"HIV among MSM in a large middle-income country","volume":"27","author":"Kerr LRFS","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-549720190004","article-title":"The 12 city HIV surveillance survey among MSM in Brazil 2016 using respondent-driven sampling: a description of methods and RDS diagnostics","volume":"22","author":"Kendall C","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Bras Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S1415-790X2026000101047&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:45:19Z","timestamp":1791197119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-790X2026000101047&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["S1415-790X2026000101047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1980-549720260052","relation":{},"ISSN":["1980-5497","1415-790X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1980-5497","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1415-790X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"e260052"}}