{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:34:49Z","timestamp":1791416089713,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dental Press J. Orthod."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> INTRODUCTION: The main cause of mouth breathing and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in childhood is associated with upper airway narrowing to varying degrees. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of morphological and functional craniofacial changes and the main clinical symptoms of SDB in healthy children. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted. A sample comprising 687 healthy schoolchildren, aged 7-12 years old and attending public schools, was assessed by medical history, clinical medical and dental examination, and respiratory tests. The self-perceived quality of life of mouth breathing children was obtained by a validated questionnaire. RESULTS: Out of the total sample, 520 children were nose breathers (NB) while 167 (24.3%) were mouth breathers (MB); 32.5% had severe hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils, 18% had a Mallampati score of III or IV, 26.1% had excessive overjet and 17.7% had anterior open bite malocclusion. Among the MB, 53.9% had atresic palate, 35.9% had lip incompetence, 33.5% reported sleepiness during the day, 32.2% often sneezed, 32.2% had a stuffy nose, 19.6% snored, and 9.4% reported having the feeling to stop breathing while asleep. However, the self-perception of their quality of life was considered good. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of facial changes as well as signs and symptoms of mouth breathing were found among health children, requiring early diagnosis and treatment to reduce the risk of SDB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/2176-9451.20.3.080-087.oar","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,4]],"date-time":"2015-07-04T22:08:13Z","timestamp":1436047693000},"page":"80-87","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Craniofacial changes and symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing in healthy children"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Maria Christina Thom\u00e9","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna Santos","family":"Fiorott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalia Silveira","family":"Finck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa Martins de","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.4.704","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: diagnosis and management of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"109","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"supl. 2","key":"ref2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria and treatment for sleep-disordered breathing: RERA","volume":"36","author":"Palombini LO","year":"2010","journal-title":"J 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