{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:27:37Z","timestamp":1765888057611},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trends Psychiatry Psychother."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract  Introduction  In recent years, the association between temperament and clinical characteristics of mood disorders has been studied. Most bipolar patients show deficits in their awareness of signs and symptoms. The relationship between affective temperament and insight in bipolar patients has not been carried out in the literature so far.  Objective  To evaluate the relationship between affective temperament and insight in bipolar disorder.  Method  A group of 65 bipolar patients were followed during a year. Patients underwent a clinical assessment and were diagnosed using criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5). Insight was evaluated through the Insight Scale for Affective Disorders (ISAD), and affective temperament, through the TEMPS-Rio de Janeiro. The relationship between affective temperament and insight was explored with Spearman rho correlations between scores on each item of the ISAD and on the TEMPS-Rio de Janeiro subscales.  Results  In euthymic phases, bipolars with depressive temperament were associated with a higher level of insight about the consequences of the disorder; when in mania, patients showed better insight about having an affective disorder, presenting psychomotor alterations, and suffering from guilt or grandiosity. Similarly, bipolar patients with higher scores of anxious temperament, when in mania, had better insight on alterations in attention. Bipolar patients with higher scores of hyperthymic temperament, when in mania, showed the worst insight about thought disorder.  Conclusion  In addition to being determined by the phase of the disease and several varying symptoms, the level of insight in bipolar patients is also influenced by affective temperament.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/2237-6089-2017-0073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,6]],"date-time":"2018-10-06T15:12:39Z","timestamp":1538838759000},"page":"210-215","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The relationship between insight and affective temperament in bipolar disorder: an exploratory study"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Rafael de Assis da","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,  Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel C.","family":"Mograbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro,  Brazil; King\u2019s College London,  UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evelyn V. M.","family":"Camelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiza Nogueira","family":"Amadeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina M. T.","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro,  Brazil; Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Landeira-Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elie","family":"Cheniaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro,  Brazil; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Manic-depressive insanity and paranoia","first-page":"118","volume-title":"Fundamental states","author":"Kraepelin E","year":"1921"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"68","article-title":"Criteria for the \u201csoft\u201d bipolar spectrum: treatment implications","volume":"23","author":"Akiskal HS","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00347-5","article-title":"Dysthymia and cyclothymia in psychiatric practice a century after Kraepelin","volume":"62","author":"Akiskal HS","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Interpersonal factors in the origin and course of affective disorders","first-page":"3","volume-title":"The temperamental foundations of affective disorders","author":"Akiskal HS","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.06.041","article-title":"Affective temperaments are associated with specific clusters of symptoms and psychopathology: A cross-sectional study on bipolar disorder inpatients in acute manic, mixed, or depressive relapse","volume":"151","author":"Iasevoli F","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.10.038","article-title":"Affective temperaments and antidepressant response in the clinical management of mood disorders","volume":"155","author":"Ferreira AA","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.105.020321","article-title":"Influence of sub-syndromal symptoms after remission from manic or mixed episodes","volume":"189","author":"Tohen M","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1934.tb01129.x","article-title":"The psychopathology of insight","volume":"14","author":"Lewis AJ","year":"1934","journal-title":"Br J Med Psychol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2008.06.008","article-title":"Predictors of nonadherence among individuals with bipolar disorder receiving treatment in a community mental health clinic","volume":"50","author":"Sajatovic M","year":"2009","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950100074007","article-title":"Awareness of illness in schizophrenia and schizoaffective and mood disorders","volume":"51","author":"Amador XF","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198901000-00007","article-title":"Insight in schizophrenia. 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