{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T15:56:18Z","timestamp":1787932578358,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trends Psychiatry Psychother."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract  Introduction  Brazil is the world\u2019s biggest consumer of crack cocaine, and dependence is a major public health issue. This is the first study to investigate the prevalence of potentially harmful adulterants present in hair samples from Brazilian patients with crack cocaine dependence.  Method  We evaluated adulterants in hair samples extracted by convenience from 100 patients admitted at the 48 hour-observation unit of Centro de Refer\u00eancia de \u00c1lcool, Tabaco e Outras Drogas (CRATOD), Brazil\u2019s largest center for addiction treatment. A cross-sectional analysis was performed with the data obtained.  Results  Adulterants were found in 97% of the analyzed hair samples. The most prevalent adulterant was lidocaine (92%), followed by phenacetin (69%) and levamisole (31%).  Conclusion  Adulterants were widely prevalent in hair samples from crack users treated at CRATOD: at least one adulterant was present in virtually all the hair samples collected. This points to a need to monitor adverse effects in the clinical setting in order to provide this high-risk group of patients with prompt and effective care related to the acute and chronic complications associated with these adulterants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/2237-6089-2017-0143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T14:02:03Z","timestamp":1563372123000},"page":"186-190","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Adulterants in crack cocaine in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil; Universidade Nove de Julho,  Brazil; Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6065-9355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alisson Paulino","family":"Trevizol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosana","family":"Frajzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7608-4288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariadne","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannelore","family":"Speierl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Paulista para o Desenvolvimento da Medicina,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maristela","family":"Andraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Chromatox,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lolita","family":"Tsanaclis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Chromatox,  Brazil; Cansford Laboratories,  United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Leonor Sala","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Governo do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quirino","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronaldo","family":"Laranjeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00804.x","article-title":"High mortality among young crack cocaine users in Brazil: a 5-year follow-up study","volume":"99","author":"Ribeiro M","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-44462006000300010","article-title":"Causes of death among crack cocaine users","volume":"28","author":"Ribeiro M","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Bras Psiquiatr"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s545","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2008001600007","article-title":"Profile of cocaine and crack users in Brazil","volume":"24","author":"Duailibi LB","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cad Saude 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