{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:52:00Z","timestamp":1790373120173,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["An. Bras. Dermatol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20142459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,13]],"date-time":"2014-06-13T15:06:24Z","timestamp":1402671984000},"page":"96-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Non-classical forms of pemphigus: pemphigus herpetiformis, IgA pemphigus, paraneoplastic pemphigus and IgG\/IgA pemphigus"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Adriana Maria","family":"Porro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livia de Vasconcelos Nasser","family":"Caetano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura de Sena Nogueira","family":"Maehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Sao Paulo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milvia Maria dos Santos","family":"Enokihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04737.x","article-title":"Autoimmune bullous dermatoses: a review","volume":"1173","author":"Patr\u00edcio P","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12606168","article-title":"Antigen-specific immunoadsorption of pathogenic autoantibodies in pemphigus foliaceus","volume":"104","author":"Amagai M","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90360-B","article-title":"Autoantibodies against a novel epithelial cadherin in pemphigus vulgaris, a disease of cell adhesion","volume":"67","author":"Amagai M","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70145-3","article-title":"The new pemphigus variants","volume":"40","author":"Robinson ND","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"128","article-title":"A case of clinically typical dermatitis herpetiformis (M. Duhring) presenting acantholysis","volume":"35","author":"Floden CH","year":"1955","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"440","article-title":"Pemphigus foliaceous presenting as dermatitis herpetiformis","volume":"47","author":"Sneddon I","year":"1967","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1968.01610090024004","article-title":"Eosinophilic spongiosis in pemphigus. A report of unusual histological change in pemphigus","volume":"97","author":"Emmerson RW","year":"1968","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1973.01620210047013","article-title":"Acantholytic herpetiform dermatitis","volume":"107","author":"DeMento FJ","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1973.tb01920.x","article-title":"Pemphigus controlled by sulphapyridine","volume":"89","author":"Seah PP","year":"1973","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1974.01630080023006","article-title":"Mixed bullous disease","volume":"110","author":"Barrance VP","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1975.tb00125.x","article-title":"Herpetiform pemphigus, a variable pattern of pemphigus","volume":"14","author":"Jablonska S","year":"1975","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1987.tb02308.x","article-title":"Is pemphigus herpetiformis an entity?","volume":"26","author":"Maciejowska E","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90832-4","article-title":"Pemphigus herpetiformis is a rare clinical expression of nonendemic pemphigus foliaceus, fogo selvagem, and pemphigus vulgaris. Cooperative Group on Fogo Selvagem Research","volume":"34","author":"Santi CG","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1994.tb02908.x","article-title":"Thiopronineinduced herpetiform pemphigus: report of a case studied by immunoelectron microscopy and immunoblot analysis","volume":"130","author":"Verdier-Sevrain S","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.8.943","article-title":"Desmoglein 1 and desmoglein 3 are the target autoantigens in herpetiform pemphigus","volume":"135","author":"Ishii K","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03711.x","article-title":"Herpetiform pemphigus showing reactivity with pemphigus vulgaris antigen (desmoglein 3)","volume":"137","author":"Kubo A","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.03209.x","article-title":"Late development of antidesmoglein 1 antibodies in pemphigus vulgaris: correlation with disease progression","volume":"141","author":"Miyagawa S","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.09.016","article-title":"Antidesmocollin-1 antibody-positive, antidesmoglein antibody-negative pemphigus herpetiformis","volume":"63","author":"Tateishi C","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12019","article-title":"Concurrence of bullous pemphigoid and herpetiform pemphigus with IgG antibodies to desmogleins 1\/3 and desmocollins 1-3","volume":"168","author":"Ohata C","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.362","article-title":"Paraneoplastic pemphigus herpetiformis with IgG antibodies to desmoglein 3 and without mucosal lesions","volume":"147","author":"Prado R","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-007-0036-5","article-title":"A perspective of pemphigus from bedside and laboratorybench","volume":"33","author":"Kitajima Y","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01992.x","article-title":"Pemphigus herpetiformis associated with prostate cancer","volume":"21","author":"Marzano AV","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2011.01287.x","article-title":"Pemphigus herpetiformis in a patient with well-differentiated cutaneous angiosarcoma: case report and review of the published work","volume":"39","author":"Lu Y","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.04.037","article-title":"Pemphigus herpetiformis: Report of a rare case","volume":"67","author":"Durham A","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.448","article-title":"Epitope spreading is rarely found in pemphigus vulgaris by large-scale longitudinal study using desmoglein 2-based swapped molecules","volume":"132","author":"Ohyama B","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03331.x","article-title":"A case of pemphigus herpetiformis with absence of antibodies to desmogleins 1 and 3","volume":"24","author":"Miura T","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-002-0366-3","article-title":"Recent advances in the study of the pathophysiology of pemphigus","volume":"295","author":"Hashimoto T","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1998.00428.x","article-title":"Epidemiologic analysis and clinical course of 84 consecutive cases of pemphigus in eastern Sicily","volume":"37","author":"Micali G","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"A Case of Pemphigus Herpetiformis Occurring in a 9Year-Old Boy","author":"Leithauser LA","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.5070\/D36677332S","article-title":"Letter: Pemphigus herpetiformis of age of onset at 6 years","volume":"17","author":"Moutran R","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2010.01256.x","article-title":"Pemphigus herpetiformis in childhood","volume":"27","author":"Duarte IB","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1986.tb04699.x","article-title":"Pemphigus with characteristics of dermatitis herpetiformis. A long-term follow-up of five patients","volume":"25","author":"Ingber A","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1997.tb04134.x","article-title":"Simultaneous occurrence of herpetiform pemphigus and endemic pemphigus foliaceus (fogo selvagem)","volume":"36","author":"Cunha PR","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"933","article-title":"Case for diagnosis. Bullous eruption with herpetiform pattern","volume":"87","author":"Fernandes IC","year":"2012","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1996.tb01477.x","article-title":"Neutrophilic spongiosis in pemphigus herpetiformis","volume":"23","author":"Huhn KM","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(99)00016-X","article-title":"Autoimmunity against desmosomal cadherins in pemphigus","volume":"20","author":"Amagai M","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01104.x","article-title":"Induction of keratinocyte IL-8 expression and secretion by IgG autoantibodies as a novel mechanism of epidermal neutrophil recruitment in a pemphigus variant","volume":"119","author":"O'Toole EA","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.03129.x","article-title":"A case of herpetiform pemphigus coexisting with psoriasis vulgaris","volume":"141","author":"Morita E","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0303-6987.2004.0188.x","article-title":"Development of pemphigus herpetiformis in a patient with psoriasis receiving UV-light treatment","volume":"31","author":"Sanchez-Palacios C","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2009.03525.x","article-title":"Pemphigus herpetiformis: analysis of the autoantibody profile during the disease course with changes in the clinical phenotype","volume":"35","author":"Lebeau S","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2003.00738.x","article-title":"Coexistence of pemphigus herpetiformis and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"17","author":"Marinovic B","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1994.tb01114.x","article-title":"Autoimmune blistering diseases associated with HIV infection","volume":"19","author":"Bull RH","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1994.tb01803.x","article-title":"A case of herpetiform pemphigus associated with lung c\u00e2ncer","volume":"21","author":"Kubota Y","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1080\/000155502320323333","article-title":"Herpetiformis pemphigus and lung carcinoma: a case of paraneoplastic pemphigus","volume":"82","author":"Palleschi GM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2009.00786.x","article-title":"Herpetiform pemphigus without anti-desmoglein 1\/3 autoantibodies","volume":"37","author":"Nakashima H","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"119","article-title":"Herpetiform pemphigus associated with esophageal carcinoma","volume":"96","author":"Arranz D","year":"2005","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"959","article-title":"Pustulose sous-cornee,acantholyse superficielle et IgA monoclonale","volume":"109","author":"Wallach D","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(00)00193-0","article-title":"Immunopathology of IgA pemphigus","volume":"19","author":"Hashimoto T","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70301-U","article-title":"Intraepidermal IgA pustulosis","volume":"7","author":"Wallach D","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1159\/000247480","article-title":"Intraepidermal neutrophilic IgA dermatosis: pemphigus-like IgA deposits","volume":"185","author":"Gengoux P","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"447","article-title":"IgA antikeratinocyte surface autoantibodies from two types of intercellular IgA vesiculopustular dermatosis recognize distinct isoforms of desmocollin","volume":"288","author":"Hashimoto T","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(91)70128-O","article-title":"IgA pemphigus foliaceus with a clinical presentation of pemphigus herpetiformis","volume":"24","author":"Chorzelski TP","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)70014-1","article-title":"IgA pemphigus foliaceus: report of two cases and a review of the literature","volume":"20","author":"Beutner EH","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198512263132606","article-title":"Intraepidermal neutrophilic IgA dermatosis","volume":"313","author":"Huff JC","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1987.01660320104022","article-title":"Intercellular IgA dermatosis with clinical features of subcorneal pustular dermatosis","volume":"123","author":"Hashimoto T","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1983.tb07683.x","article-title":"Subcorneal pustular dermatosis with vesiculo-bullous eruption: demonstration of subcorneal IgA deposits and a leukocyte chemotactic factor","volume":"109","author":"Tagami H","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1990.tb02138.x","article-title":"The clinical and histopathological spectrum of IgA- pemphigus: report of two cases","volume":"15","author":"Hodak E","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"626","article-title":"IgA pemphigus reacting exclusively to desmoglein 3","volume":"20","author":"Tajima M","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref59","series-title":"IgA Pemphigus","author":"Chan LS"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-1811(95)00449-1","article-title":"Studies of autoantigens recognized by IgA anti-keratinocyte cell surface antibodies","volume":"12","author":"Hashimoto T","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"1901","article-title":"Nonsecretory IgA1 autoantibodies targeting desmosomal component desmoglein 3 in intraepidermal neutrophilic IgA dermatosis","volume":"150","author":"Wang J","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"203","article-title":"Subcorneal pustular dermatosis: a clinical study of ten patients","volume":"61","author":"Lutz ME","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2005.22408.x","article-title":"Atypical IgA\/ IgG pemphigus involving the skin, oral mucosa, and colon in a child: a novel variant of IgA pemphigus?","volume":"22","author":"Bruckner AL","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"735","article-title":"Detection of IgA autoantibodies to desmogleins by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: the presence of new minor subtypes of IgA pemphigus","volume":"137","author":"Hashimoto T","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12613668","article-title":"Adhesion molecules I: Keratinocyte-keratinocyte interactions; cadherins and pemphigus","volume":"104","author":"Amagai M","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.121.3.481","article-title":"Nomenclature of the desmosomal cadherins","volume":"121","author":"Buxton RS","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12319025","article-title":"Human desmocollin 1(Dsc1) is an autoantigen for subcorneal pustular dermatosis type of IgA pemphigus","volume":"109","author":"Hashimoto T","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2004.01436.x","article-title":"Immunolocalization of target autoantigens in IgA pemphigus","volume":"29","author":"Ishii N","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03604.x","article-title":"Subcorneal pustular dermatosis type of IgA pemphigus: demonstration of autoantibodies to desmocollin-1 and clinical review","volume":"143","author":"Yasuda H","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2006.06166.x","article-title":"IgA pemphigus-occurrence of anti-desmocollin 1 and anti-desmoglein 1 antibody reactivity in an individual patient","volume":"4","author":"Kopp T","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2009.224","article-title":"Subcorneal pustular dermatosis-type IgA pemphigus with autoantibodies to desmocollins 1, 2, and 3","volume":"145","author":"D\u00fcker I","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2009.04195.x","article-title":"IgG\/IgA pemphigus with IgG and IgA antidesmoglein 3 antibodies and IgA antidesmoglein 1 antibodies detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"49","author":"Zaraa I","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.01.014","article-title":"IgA pemphigus","volume":"29","author":"Tsuruta D","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00107.x","article-title":"Epitope spreading: lessons from autoimmune skindiseases","volume":"110","author":"Chan LS","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2011.06.014","article-title":"Multiple myeloma associated IgA pemphigus: treatment with bortezomib- and lenalidomidebased regimen","volume":"11","author":"Szturz P","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.11.023","article-title":"A novel case of IgA paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"56","author":"Taintor AR","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11127.x","article-title":"IgA pemphigus associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma showing unique reactivity histopathological features","volume":"168","author":"Asahina A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref78","first-page":"115","article-title":"Treatment of pemphigus","volume":"10","author":"Camisa C","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dermatol Nurs"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1979.tb03570.x","article-title":"Subcorneal pustular dermatosis","volume":"100","author":"Sneddon IB","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(98)70134-3","article-title":"A novel childhood pemphigus vegetans variant of intraepidermal neutrophilic IgA dermatosis","volume":"38","author":"Weston WL","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.104002","article-title":"Rapid response of IgA pemphigus of subcorneal pustular dermatosis type to treatment with isotretinoin","volume":"43","author":"Gruss C","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.504815.x","article-title":"A case of IgA pemphigus successfully treated with acitretin","volume":"147","author":"Ruiz-Genao DP","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.02.051","article-title":"Rapid response of IgA pemphigus of the subcorneal pustular dermatosis subtype to treatment with adalimumab and mycophenolate mofetil","volume":"53","author":"Howell SM","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199012203232503","article-title":"Paraneoplastic pemphigus. An autoimmune mucocutaneous disease associated with neoplasia","volume":"323","author":"Anhalt GJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref85","first-page":"193","article-title":"Classification, clinical manifestations, and immunopathological mechanisms of the epithelial variant of paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome: a reappraisal of paraneoplastic pemphigus","volume":"137","author":"Nguyen VT","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.04868.x","article-title":"Paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome: 20 years after","volume":"50","author":"Czernik A","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI3647","article-title":"Antibodies against desmoglein 3 (pemphigus vulgaris antigen) are present in sera from patients with paraneoplastic pemphigus and cause acantholysis in vivo in neonatal mice","volume":"102","author":"Amagai M","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref88","first-page":"598","article-title":"Clinical and immunopathological spectrum of paraneoplastic pemphigus","volume":"8","author":"Zimmermann J","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2001.01169.x","article-title":"Paraneoplastic pemphigus","volume":"40","author":"Kimyai-Asadi A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04992.x","article-title":"Paraneoplastic pemphigus in children and adolescents","volume":"147","author":"Mimouni D","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-8411(02)00092-6","article-title":"Paraneoplastic pemphigus is associated with the DRB1*03 allele","volume":"20","author":"Martel P","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08361.x","article-title":"Genotyping of HLA-I and HLA-II alleles in Chinese patients with paraneoplastic pemphigus","volume":"158","author":"Liu Q","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2003.09.020","article-title":"Neoplasms associated with paraneoplastic pemphigus: a review with emphasis on non-hematologic malignancy and oral mucosal manifestations","volume":"40","author":"Kaplan I","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(98)00059-1","article-title":"Paraneoplastic pemphigus: a review","volume":"34","author":"Sklavounou A","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1080\/00015550510035695","article-title":"Paraneoplastic pemphigus with widespread mucosal involvement","volume":"85","author":"Wakahara M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref96","first-page":"420","article-title":"Severe gastrointestinal involvement in paraneoplastic pemphigus","volume":"16","author":"Miida H","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199905063401805","article-title":"The mechanism of respiratory failure in paraneoplastic pemphigus","volume":"340","author":"Nousari HC","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2008.07.031","article-title":"Nonhematological autoimmunity (glomerulosclerosis, paraneoplastic pemphigus and paraneoplastic neurological syndrome) in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Diagnosis, prognosis and management","volume":"33","author":"Qian SX","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1087-0024.2004.00832.x","article-title":"Paraneoplastic pemphigus","volume":"9","author":"Anhalt GJ","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03584.x","article-title":"Pemphigus, analysis of 155 patients","volume":"24","author":"Mimouni D","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2012.1830","article-title":"Prognostic factors of paraneoplastic pemphigus","volume":"148","author":"Leger S","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1992.01680180085011","article-title":"Histologic features of paraneoplastic pemphigus","volume":"128","author":"Horn TD","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00520.x","article-title":"Elevated serum levels of interleukin-6 in paraneoplastic pemphigus","volume":"112","author":"Nousari HC","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012250","article-title":"The protease inhibitor alpha-2-macroglobulin-like-1 is the p170 antigen recognized by paraneoplastic pemphigus autoantibodies in human","volume":"5","author":"Schepens I","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref105","first-page":"269","article-title":"Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) for refractory erosive stomatitis secondary to CD20(+) follicular lymphoma-associated paraneoplastic pemphigus","volume":"137","author":"Borradori L","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2007.06602.x","article-title":"Recommendations for the use of rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody) in the treatment of autoimmune bullous skin diseases","volume":"6","author":"Hertl M","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-009-9304-y","article-title":"A critical role of surgery in the treatment for paraneoplastic pemphigus caused by localized Castleman's disease","volume":"27","author":"Fang Y","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.141.10.1285","article-title":"Paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with Castleman tumor: a commonly reported subtype of paraneoplastic pemphigus in China","volume":"141","author":"Wang J","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2007.00322.x","article-title":"Paraneoplastic pemphigus","volume":"34","author":"Zhu X","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2008.01397.x","article-title":"Constrictive bronchiolitis associated with paraneoplastic autoimmune multi-organ syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Maldonado F","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2011.1598","article-title":"Characterization of inflammatory infiltrates in lesions of the oral mucosa, skin, and bronchioles in a case of paraneoplastic pemphigus","volume":"22","author":"Iida K","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480110076037","article-title":"Paraneoplastic pemphigus with autoantibody deposition in bronchial epithelium after autologous bone marrow transplantation","volume":"267","author":"Fullerton SH","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref113","first-page":"383","author":"Nishikawa T"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1258","article-title":"A case of IgG\/IgA pemphigus presenting malar rash-like erythema","volume":"92","author":"Hosoda S","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.04996.x","article-title":"A case of IgA\/IgG pustular pemphigus","volume":"51","author":"Feng SY","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03686.x","article-title":"IgG\/IgA pemphigus with IgA and IgG antidesmoglein 1 antibodies detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: presentation of two cases","volume":"25","author":"Santiago-et-S\u00e1nchez-Mateos D","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref117","first-page":"94","article-title":"IgA\/IgG pemphigus positive for anti-desmoglein 1 autoantibody","volume":"17","author":"Maruyama H","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0060","article-title":"IgA\/IgG pemphigus: a new atypical subset of pemphigus?","volume":"86","author":"Kowalewski C","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.08.003","article-title":"Atypical pemphigus involving the esophagus with IgG antibodies to desmoglein 3 and IgA antibodies to desmoglein 1","volume":"55","author":"Inui S","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07226.x","article-title":"Intraepidermal neutrophilic IgA\/IgG antidesmocollin 1 pemphigus","volume":"154","author":"Heng A","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06956.x","article-title":"Pemphigus vegetans with IgG and IgA antidesmoglein 3 antibodies","volume":"153","author":"Morizane S","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.23","article-title":"Pemphigus herpetiformis with IgA and IgG antibodies to desmoglein 1 and IgG antibodies to desmocollin 3","volume":"48","author":"Kozlowska A","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04984.x","article-title":"IgG\/IgA pemphigus with IgG and IgA antidesmoglein 1 antibodies detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"147","author":"Oiso N","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.03162.x","article-title":"Unique immunobullous disease in a child with a predominantly IgA response to three desmosal protein","volume":"141","author":"Gooptu C","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90402-6","article-title":"Atypical pemphigus associated with monoclonal IgA gammopathy","volume":"32","author":"Miyagawa S","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(94)70171-7","article-title":"Unusual acantholytic bullous dermatosis associated with neoplasia and IgG and IgA antibodies against bovine desmocollins I and II","volume":"31","author":"Chorzelski TP","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1080\/00015550410031825","article-title":"Frequency of IgA antibodies in pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid and mucous membrane pemphigoid","volume":"84","author":"Cozzani E","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2009.03241.x","article-title":"Autoantibodies against desmocollins in European patients with pemphigus","volume":"34","author":"M\u00fcller R","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2007.00378.x","article-title":"IgG\/IgA pemphigus with dyskeratotic acantholysis and intraepidermal neutrophilic microabscesses","volume":"34","author":"Nakajima K","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04801.x","article-title":"Spectrum of autoimmune blistering dermatoses in Tunisia: an 11-year study and a review of the literature","volume":"50","author":"Zaraa I","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07717.x","article-title":"Coexistence of IgA antibodies to desmogleins 1 and 3 in pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus and paraneoplastic pemphigus","volume":"156","author":"Mentink LF","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/abd\/v89n1\/0365-0596-abd-89-01-0096.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T15:00:43Z","timestamp":1747666843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0365-05962014000100096&lng=en&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"references-count":131,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0365-05962014000100096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20142459","relation":{},"ISSN":["0365-0596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0365-0596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}}}