{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T19:18:53Z","timestamp":1758309533004,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Cir. Bras."],"abstract":"<jats:p>ABSTRACT  Purpose: To evaluate the protective effect of Caesalpinia sappan and spirulina against gastritis and determine changes in the expression of CD8, CD68, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.  Methods: Gastritis was induced in 24 female Wistar albino rats on the first day using ethanol. The treatment groups were given C. sappan (250 mg\/kg) and spirulina (400 mg\/kg) using oral gavage for five days. Blood and stomach tissue samples of the mice were analyzed.  Results: Caesalpinia sappan and spirulina increased CD8 and CD68 expression and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels thereby decreasing the severity of inflammation. It was found that they simultaneously decreased MHC I and MHC II expressing cells, increased superoxide dismutase levels, whereas malondialdehyde, and myeloperoxidase levels decreased in the treatment group.  Conclusion: This study revealed that C. sappan and spirulina can protect gastric mucosa by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/acb406725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T15:01:56Z","timestamp":1758294116000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigation of the protective efficacy of Caesalpinia sappan and spirulina against ethanol-induced experimental rat gastritis model"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0396-7498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130dris","family":"Oru\u00e7","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dicle University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0723-4059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zelal","family":"Karako\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dicle University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7857-2410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filiz","family":"Akduman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beypazari State Hospital,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7931-2941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeynep","family":"Oru\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dicle University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2758-913X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazan","family":"Baksi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dicle University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1546-9747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muzaffer Aydin","family":"Ketani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dicle University,  Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","first-page":"218","article-title":"Gastritis and diet","volume":"20","author":"Y\u00fcksel A","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cur J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The role and importance of healthy nutrition in the treatment of gastritis and Helicobacter pylori","volume":"1","author":"Ya\u015fa R","year":"2019","journal-title":"Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim Uni J of Sci Ins"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4128152","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4128152","article-title":"Oxidative stress indexes for diagnosis of health or disease in humans","volume":"2019","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Rodr\u00edguez MA","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref4","first-page":"42","article-title":"Distribution of MHC class II antigens in adult taurus and aries 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