{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T08:43:30Z","timestamp":1780476210096,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["An. Acad. Bras. Ci\u00eanc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is an immunological disorder characterized by defective antibody production, recurrent infections, most notably of the respiratory tract, autoimmune phenomena and cancer. Some CVID patients may also present disturbances of the cellular immune response such as a decrease in the number and proportion of different lymphocyte populations, diminished lymphoproliferative response to mitogens and antigens, altered production of cytokines, and deficient expression of cell-surface molecules. Most Brazilian CVID patients included in this study show a decrease in T and B lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood. Furthermore, their lymphocytes are more susceptible to apoptosis following activation than normal individuals, and they have a decrease in the expression of activation molecules like CD25, CD69, CD40L and CD70. Moreover, they show a decreased synthesis of IL-4 and IL-5 in comparison with normal individuals. The increase in susceptibility to apoptosis following activation, may also be responsible for the decrease in the expression of activation molecules and CD40L, decrease in Th2 cytokines synthesis, and in the number of T and B circulating cells. In this study we discuss some of these immunological disturbances correlating them to the patients' clinical features and comparing our patients' findings to the literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s0001-37652004000400007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,13]],"date-time":"2005-04-13T17:00:51Z","timestamp":1113411651000},"page":"707-726","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Clinical and laboratory aspects of common variable immunodeficiency"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Cristina M.","family":"Kokron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia, Brasil; Institute for Investigation in Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo R.","family":"Errante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myrthes T.","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia, Brasil; Institute for Investigation in Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisele V.","family":"Baracho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maristela M.","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Kalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia, Brasil; Institute for Investigation in Immunology; Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Zerbini, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz V.","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"23","author":"ABONIA JP","year":"2002","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1088-5412","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020660416865","article-title":"Primary immunodeficiency in Iran: first report of the National Registry of PID in Children and Adults","volume":"22","author":"AGHAMOHAMMADI A","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0271-9142","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02983239","article-title":"Identification of an SH2D1A mutation in a hypogammaglobulinemic male patient with a diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"78","author":"AGHAMOHAMMADI A","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Hematol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0925-5710","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"829","article-title":"Immunodeficiency with thymoma (Good's syndrome) similar to sino-bronchial syndrome","volume":"34","author":"AKAI M","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0301-1542","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"54","article-title":"Study of gastrointestinal polypeptides controlling gastric acid secretion in patients with primary antibody deficiency","volume":"91","author":"ALONSO FALCON F","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1130-0108","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"404","article-title":"Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"41","author":"ANDON SAAVEDRA C","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sangre (Barc)","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0036-4355","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00918852","article-title":"Genetic and immunologic analysis of a family containing five patients with common-variable immune deficiency or selective IgA deficiency","volume":"12","author":"ASHMAN RF","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0271-9142","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2000.00619.x","article-title":"Decreased vitamin A levels in common variable immunodeficiency: vitamin A supplementation in vivo enhances immunoglobulin production and downregulates inflammatory responses","volume":"30","author":"AUKRUST P","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0014-2972","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"597","article-title":"Common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"92","author":"BELMONTE E","year":"1989","journal-title":"Report of a case simulating lymphoma. Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2632","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200009)30:9<2632::AID-IMMU2632>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Defective recruitment and activation of ZAP-70 in common variable immunodeficiency patients with T cell defects","volume":"30","author":"BONCRISTIANO M","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0014-2980","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4725","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.8.4725","article-title":"Impaired antibody affinity maturation process characterizes a subset of patients with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"165","author":"BONHOMME D","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-1767","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/24.2.222","article-title":"Mycoplasma felis septic arthritis in a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia","volume":"24","author":"BONILLA HF","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1058-4838","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(91)90152-Z","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency resulting from a maturational arrest of germinal center B cells","volume":"27","author":"BRAUN J","year":"1991","journal-title":"Immunol Lett","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0165-2478","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"1395","article-title":"Restricted use of fetal VH3 immunoglobulin genes by unselected B cells in the adult","volume":"89","author":"BRAUN J","year":"1992","journal-title":"Predominance of 56p1-like VH genes in common variable immunodeficiency. J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"158","article-title":"The second century of the antibody. Molecular perspectives in regulation, pathophysiology, and therapeutic applications","volume":"157","author":"BRAUN J","year":"1992","journal-title":"West J Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0093-0415","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200309000-00019","article-title":"Association of common variable immunodeficiency with atypical collagenous colitis","volume":"15","author":"BYRNE MF","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J GastroenterolHepatol"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"59","article-title":"B cell numbers and responses in patients with common variable immunodeficiency and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the bowel","volume":"13","author":"CABALLERO FM","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0141-2760","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.1.488","article-title":"Up-regulation of IL-12 in monocytes: a fundamental defect in common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"164","author":"CAMBRONERO R","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-1767","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"18","article-title":"Evolution of IgA deficiency to IgG subclass deficiency and common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"28","author":"CARVALHO NEVES FORTE W","year":"2000","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0301-0546","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1053\/shem.2002.31916","article-title":"Neutropenia associated with primary immunodeficiency syndromes","volume":"39","author":"CHAM B","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin Hematol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0037-1963","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8652(199903)60:3<222::AID-AJH9>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Successful treatment of persistent erythroid aplasia caused by parvovirus B19 infection in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency with low-dose immunoglobulin","volume":"60","author":"CHUHJO T","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Hematol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0361-8609","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)92742-5","article-title":"Agammaglobulinaemia with B lymphocytes. Specific defect of plasma-cell differentiation","volume":"2","author":"COOPER MD","year":"1971","journal-title":"Lancet","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0099-5355","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-001-0027-1","article-title":"Common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"1","author":"CUNNIGHAM-RUNDLES C","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1054\/blre.2001.0185","article-title":"Hematologic complications of primary immune deficiencies","volume":"16","author":"CUNNIGHAM-RUNDLES C","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood Rev","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0268-960X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4725","article-title":"Common variable immunodeficiency: clinical and immunological features of 248 patients","volume":"92","author":"CUNNIGHAM-RUNDLES C","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.1995.15.269","article-title":"Immunologic effects of low-dose polyethylene glycol-conjugated recombinant human interleukin-2 in common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"15","author":"CUNNIGHAM-RUNDLES C","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1079-9907","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5052","article-title":"Long-term low-dose IL-2 enhances immune function in common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"100","author":"CUNNIGHAM-RUNDLES C","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"392","article-title":"Late onset immunodeficiency with hypo-IgG and hyper-IgM, T CD4+ lymphocytopenia and vitiligo","volume":"92","author":"D'ADDIO F","year":"2001","journal-title":"Recenti Prog Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0034-1193","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(00)00167-7","article-title":"Flow cytometric analysis of an immunodeficiency disorder affecting juvenile llamas","volume":"74","author":"DAVIS WC","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0165-2427","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1997.tb03473.x","article-title":"Low serum immunoglobulin concentrations in related Weimaraner dogs","volume":"38","author":"DAY MJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-4510","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00926.x","article-title":"HLA class II homozygosity confers susceptibility to common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)","volume":"116","author":"DE LA CONCHA EG","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-9104","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)63525-9","article-title":"Recurrent staphylococcal infections and chronic dermatitis in a 45-year-old man","volume":"91","author":"DE VERA M","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1081-1206","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02827249","article-title":"Successful treatment of common variable immunodeficiency and related disorders with cimetidine and zinc sulfate","volume":"27","author":"DELLA BELLA S","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Clin Lab Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0940-5437","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(200004)30:4<1069::AID-IMMU1069>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Impaired up-regulation of CD86 in B cells of ''type A'' common variableimmunodeficiency patients","volume":"30","author":"DENZ A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0014-2980","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91160-X","article-title":"Letter: Lymphocytes in common variable (adult ''acquired'') hypogammaglobulinaemia","volume":"2","author":"DOUGLAS SD","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0099-5355","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"95","article-title":"Common variable immunodeficiency (hypogammaglobulinemia of late onset or acquired hypogammaglobulinemia): initial follow-up of 11 cases","volume":"45","author":"DUARTE AJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1097\/00130832-200112000-00005","article-title":"Terminal defects of B lymphocyte differentiation","volume":"1","author":"DURANDY A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"699","article-title":"Evidence for a generalized signaling abnormality in B cells from patients with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"371B","author":"EISENSTEIN EM","year":"1995","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0065-2598","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5957","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.12.5957","article-title":"B cell differentiation defects in common variable immunodeficiency are ameliorated after stimulation with anti-CD40 antibody and IL-10","volume":"152","author":"EISENSTEIN EM","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-1767","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"35","article-title":"Lymphoproliferative disorders associated with congenital immunodeficiencies","volume":"14","author":"ELENITOBA-JOHNSON KS","year":"1997","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0740-2570","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199204093261506","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii osteomyelitis in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"326","author":"ESOLEN LM","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-4793","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"142","article-title":"Digestive manifestations of common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"188","author":"ESTRADA PEREZ V","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev Clin Esp","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0014-2565","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3109\/08820139109050782","article-title":"T and B cell defects in common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"20","author":"FARRANT J","year":"1991","journal-title":"Immunol Invest","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0882-0139","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"189","article-title":"Defective low-density cells of dendritic morphology from the blood of patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia: low immunoglobulin production on stimulation of normal B cells","volume":"61","author":"FARRANT J","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-9104","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(89)90019-6","article-title":"B cell function in acquired ''common-variable'' hypogammaglobulinemia: proliferative responses to lymphokines","volume":"51","author":"FARRANT J","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0090-1229","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"159","article-title":"Study of B and T cell phenotypes in blood from patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)","volume":"5","author":"FARRANT J","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunodeficiency","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1067-795X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.3.1099","article-title":"CD40 ligand expression is defective in a subset of patients with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"91","author":"FARRINGTON M","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0027-8424","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(93)90178-I","article-title":"Defective interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma gene expression in response to antigen in a subgroup of patients with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"92","author":"FISCHER MB","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0091-6749","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.1296","article-title":"Common variable immunodeficiency in a horse","volume":"221","author":"FLAMINIO MJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-1488","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"101","article-title":"Primary immunodeficiencies","volume":"29","author":"FONTAN CASARIEGO G","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical features and variant forms. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1995.tb02281.x","article-title":"Defects in antigen-driven lymphocyteresponses in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) are due to a reduction in the number of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells","volume":"101","author":"FUNAUCHI M","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-9104","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197407042910101","article-title":"Heterogeneity of ''acquired'' or common variable agammaglobulinemia","volume":"291","author":"GEHA RS","year":"1974","journal-title":"N Engl J Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-4793","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2003.02253.x","article-title":"Lymphoproliferative disease in antibody deficiency: a multi-centre study","volume":"134","author":"GOMPELS MM","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-9104","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199909058418","article-title":"Peripheral T cell lymphoma in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency disease: case report and literature review","volume":"32","author":"GOTTESMAN SR","year":"1999","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1042-8194","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/00130832-200312000-00001","article-title":"The immunological synapse for B-cell memory: the role of the ICOS and its ligand for the longevity of humoral immunity","volume":"3","author":"GRIMBACHER B","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/ni902","article-title":"Homozygous loss of ICOS is associated with adult-onset common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"4","author":"GRIMBACHER B","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1983.02140350011004","article-title":"Common variable hypogammaglobulinemia in children. Clinical and immunologic observations in 30 patients","volume":"137","author":"HAUSSER C","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-922X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3025(16)34387-2","article-title":"Recent onset granulomatous common variable immunodeficiency in an 88-year-old woman","volume":"35","author":"HAWKINS CA","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pathology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0031-3025","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1067\/S0022-3476(03)00445-1","article-title":"Childhood autoimmune cytopenia secondary to unsuspected common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"143","author":"HEENEY MM","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-3476","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1994.tb06513.x","article-title":"Intestinal B cell defects in common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"95","author":"HERBST EW","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-9104","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5772","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.11.5772","article-title":"Impaired secretion of IL-10 by T cells from patients with common variable immunodeficiency-involvement of protein kinase A type I","volume":"170","author":"HOLM AM","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-1767","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199333011-00006","article-title":"T-cell abnormalities in common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"33","author":"JAFFE JS","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0031-3998","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V82.1.192.bloodjournal821192","article-title":"Functional abnormalities of CD8+ T cells define a unique subset of patients with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"82","author":"JAFFE JS","year":"1993","journal-title":"Blood","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0006-4971","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"200","article-title":"Agammaglobulinemia","volume":"66","author":"JANEWAY CA","year":"1953","journal-title":"Trans Assoc Am Phys"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.47.4.364","article-title":"CD4+ lymphocytopenia due to common variable immunodeficiency mimicking AIDS","volume":"47","author":"KACZMARSKI RS","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-9746","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.4.9807067","article-title":"Viruses and bacteria in bronchial samples from patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia","volume":"159","author":"KAINULAINEN L","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1073-449X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011012023616","article-title":"Diagnostic findings in 95 Finnish patients with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"21","author":"KAINULAINEN L","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0271-9142","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.60.3.881","article-title":"A genetic defect in ''acquired'' agamaglobulinemia","volume":"60","author":"KAMIN RM","year":"1968","journal-title":"Proc Nat Acad Sci USA","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0027-8424","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1159\/000019136","article-title":"Long-term study of a female hyper-IgM immunodeficiency","volume":"17","author":"KANEKO H","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Clin Immunogenet","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0254-9670","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"84","article-title":"Common variable immunodeficiency in an adult with recurrent pneumonia","volume":"59","author":"KART L","year":"2003","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Dis","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1122-0643","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1967.03120150061008","article-title":"Paternal immunoglobulin abnormalities in congenital hypogammaglobulinemia","volume":"200","author":"KIRKPATRICK CH","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1997.d01-993.x","article-title":"Lack of specific antibody response in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) associated with failure in production of antigen-specific memory T cells","volume":"108","author":"KONDRATENKO I","year":"1997","journal-title":"MRC Immunodeficiency Group. Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2765","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.5.2765","article-title":"Fine-scale mapping at IGAD1 and genome-wide genetic linkage analysis implicate HLA-DQ\/DR as a major susceptibility locus in selective IgA deficiency and common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"170","author":"KRALOVICOVA J","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-1767","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"22","article-title":"Gastrointestinal manifestations of primary immunodeficiency disorders","volume":"8","author":"LAI PING So A","year":"1997","journal-title":"Semin Gastrointest Dis","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1049-5118","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(93)80073-O","article-title":"Hypogammaglobulinemia and rheumatic disease","volume":"22","author":"LEE AH","year":"1993","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0049-0172","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13135","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.22.13135","article-title":"Defect in IgV gene somatic hypermutation in common variable immuno-deficiency syndrome","volume":"95","author":"LEVY Y","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0027-8424","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(88)90124-9","article-title":"IgG subclass distribution of antiviral antibodies in common variable immunodeficiency: effect of substitution therapy","volume":"49","author":"LINDE A","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0090-1229","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref78","first-page":"81","article-title":"Orally administered bacterial lysate Broncho-Vaxom for the treatment of common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"28","author":"LITZMAN J","year":"1996","journal-title":"Allerg Immunol (Paris)","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0397-9148","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"174","article-title":"Progression of selective IgA deficiency to common variable immunodeficiency in a 16 year old boy","volume":"24","author":"LITZMAN J","year":"1996","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0301-0546","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870001200107","article-title":"Common variable immunodeficiency in miniature dachshunds affected with Pneumonocystis carinii pneumonia","volume":"12","author":"LOBETTI R","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1040-6387","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-9571(02)00051-6","article-title":"Susceptibility to fungal infections of nails in patients with primary antibody deficiency","volume":"26","author":"MACURA AB","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0147-9571","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1997.4372","article-title":"Uncoupling of T-cell antigen receptor and downstream protein tyrosine kinases in common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"84","author":"MAJOLINIi MB","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0090-1229","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s002470000237","article-title":"Primary immunodeficiencies: a pictorial immunology primer for radiologists","volume":"30","author":"MANSON DE","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0301-0449","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2000.1020","article-title":"Respiratory disorders in common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"95","author":"MARTINEZ GARCIA MA","year":"2001","journal-title":"Respir Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0954-6111","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00917142","article-title":"Interferon production in primary immunodeficiencies","volume":"4","author":"MATRICARDI PM","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0271-9142","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref86","first-page":"354","article-title":"Attempt to reverse atrophic gastritis associated with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"15","author":"MISBAH SA","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0192-0790","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.5.1321","article-title":"Alterations of the X-linked lymphoproliferative disease gene SH2D1A in common variable immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"98","author":"MORRA M","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0006-4971","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541392","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus infection is not increased in common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"16","author":"MULLIGHAN CG","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0271-9142","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01877733","article-title":"Long-term follow up of patients with common variable immunodeficiency treated with intravenous immunoglobulin: reevaluation of intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy. IVIG therapy in CVID.","volume":"7","author":"MUSHIAKE K","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biotherapy","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0914-2223","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref90","first-page":"47","article-title":"Immunomodulator therapy with cimetidine in patients with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"105","author":"NASPITZ CK","year":"1987","journal-title":"Rev Paul Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0035-0362","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116701","article-title":"Activated B cells from patients with common variable immunodeficiency proliferate and synthesize immunoglobulin","volume":"92","author":"NONOYAMA S","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Invest","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-9738","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1994.1155","article-title":"Effect of IL-2 on immunoglobulin production by anti-CD40-activated human B cells: synergistic effect with IL-10 and antagonistic effect with IL-4","volume":"72","author":"NONOYAMA S","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0090-1229","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1996.d01-795.x","article-title":"Intracellular cytokine production by human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from normal and immunodeficient donors using directly conjugated anti-cytokine antibodies and three-colour flow cytometry","volume":"105","author":"NORTH ME","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-9104","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1998.00479.x","article-title":"Primary defect in CD8+ lymphocytes in the antibody deficiency disease (common variable immunodeficiency): abnormalities in intracellular production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in CD28+ ('cytotoxic') and CD28- ('suppressor') CD8+ subsets","volume":"111","author":"NORTH ME","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-9104","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref95","first-page":"124","article-title":"Evidence that defective gamma interferon production in patients with primary immunodeficiencies is due to intrinsic incompetence of lymphocytes","volume":"72","author":"PAGANELLI R","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-9104","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref96","first-page":"334","article-title":"Peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVI) produce reduced levels of interleukin-4, interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma, but proliferate normally upon activation by mitogens","volume":"78","author":"PASTORELLI G","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-9104","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref97","first-page":"341","article-title":"Interleukin-4 suppresses immunoglobulin production by peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with commonvariable immunodeficiency (CVI) induced by supernatants of T cell clones","volume":"78","author":"PASTORELLI G","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-9104","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1990.tb05414.x","article-title":"The capacity of interleukin-4 to induce in vitro IgE synthesis by B cells of patients with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"82","author":"PASTORELLI G","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-9104","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref99","first-page":"1590","article-title":"CVID (common variable immunodeficiency): heterogeneous clinical manifestation of the commonest symptomatic primary immunodeficiency disease","volume":"130","author":"PFLUGER H","year":"2000","journal-title":"Schweiz Med Wochenschr","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0036-7672","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025373601374","article-title":"Common variable immunodeficiency patient classification based on impaired B cell memory differentiation correlates with clinical aspects","volume":"23","author":"PIQUERAS B","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0271-9142","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-381.x","article-title":"IL-4 synergizes with IL-10 and anti-CD40 MoAbs to induce B-cell differentiation in patients with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"45","author":"PUNNONEN J","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0300-9475","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1038\/35085509","article-title":"Plasma cell differentiation requires the transcription factor XBP-1","volume":"412","author":"REIMOLD AM","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-0836","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1997.tb08313.x","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover therapy study with natural human IL-2(nhuIL-2) in combination with regular intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIG) infusions in 10 patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)","volume":"110","author":"RUMP JA","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-9104","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.12.1101","article-title":"Pulmonary and sinus diseases in primary humoral immunodeficiencies with chronic productive cough","volume":"88","author":"RUSCONI F","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-9888","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref105","first-page":"477","article-title":"Long-term administration of 13-cis retinoic acid in common variable immunodeficiency: circulating interleukin-6 levels, B-cell surface molecule display, and in vitro and in vivo B-cell antibody production","volume":"80","author":"SAXON A","year":"1993","journal-title":"Immunology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0019-2805","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8015","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.20.8015","article-title":"Individuals with IgA deficiency and common variable immunodeficiency share polymorphisms of major histocompatibility complex class III genes","volume":"86","author":"SCHAFFER FM","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0027-8424","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1385\/CRIAI:19:2:127","article-title":"Genetics of IgA deficiency and common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"19","author":"SCHROEDER JR HW","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1080-0549","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401731","article-title":"Susceptibility locus for IgA deficiency and common variable immunodeficiency in the HLA-DR3, -B8, -A1 haplotypes","volume":"4","author":"SCHROEDER JR HW","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1076-1551","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.6.6.856-860.1999","article-title":"Identification of a subset of common variable immunodeficiency patients with impaired B-cell protein tyrosine phosphorylation","volume":"6","author":"SCHWARTZ R","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1071-412X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(89)90305-9","article-title":"Common variable immunodeficiency: a family study and therapeutic trial with cimetidine","volume":"84","author":"SEGAL R","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0091-6749","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.74.874.503","article-title":"A hypogammaglobulinaemic man with respiratory failure","volume":"74","author":"SEWELL WA","year":"1998","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0032-5473","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00924.x","article-title":"In vivo modulation of cytokine synthesis by intravenous immunoglobulin","volume":"116","author":"SEWELL WA","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-9104","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200101000-00007","article-title":"Common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"321","author":"SNELLER MC","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-9629","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref114","first-page":"163","article-title":"Abnormalities in the expression of T cell activation genes in patients with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"103","author":"SNELLER MC","year":"1990","journal-title":"Trans Assoc Am Physicians","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0066-9458","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3762","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.10.3762","article-title":"Abnormalities of lymphokine gene expression in patients with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"144","author":"SNELLER MC","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-1767","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-002-1083-9","article-title":"Mutations of the X-linked lymphoproliferative disease gene SH2D1A mimicking common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"161","author":"SORESINA A","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0340-6199","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5093","article-title":"Costimulation of memory T-cells by ICOS: a potential therapeutic target for autoimunity?","volume":"100","author":"SPORICINI RA","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref118","first-page":"13","article-title":"Failure of primary and secondary T cell responses in common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"4","author":"STAGG A","year":"1993","journal-title":"Immunodeficiency","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1067-795X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1994.tb06228.x","article-title":"Failure in antigen responses by T cells from patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)","volume":"96","author":"STAGG AJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-9104","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(80)90139-7","article-title":"Inability of patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia to generate lymphjoblastoid B cells following booster immunization","volume":"16","author":"STEVENS RH","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0090-1229","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1385\/CRIAI:19:2:157","article-title":"Common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"19","author":"STROBER W","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1080-0549","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200103000-00005","article-title":"Infections in patients with immunodeficiency with thymoma (Good syndrome)","volume":"80","author":"TARR PE","year":"2001","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0025-7974","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref123","first-page":"225","article-title":"Immunodeficiency problems in children","volume":"96","author":"TILLER JR TL","year":"2000","journal-title":"JSC Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60353-X","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis in perspective","volume":"27","author":"TZIPORI S","year":"1988","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0065-308X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref125","first-page":"140","article-title":"Hypogammaglobulinaemia: cumulative experience in 49 patients in a tertiary care institution","volume":"60","author":"VAN DER HILST JC","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neth J Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0300-2977","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref126","first-page":"17","article-title":"Family studies in common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"35","author":"VORECHNOVSKY I","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-1732","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4408","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.8.4408","article-title":"Fine mapping of IGAD1 in IgA deficiency and common variable immunodeficiency: identification and characterization of haplotypes shared by affected members of 101 multiple-case families","volume":"164","author":"VORECHNOVSKY I","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-1767","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0685-0_25","article-title":"Mapping genes underlying complex disorders: progress on IgA deficiency and common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"495","author":"VORECHNOVSKY I","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0065-2598","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1955.00250070049005","article-title":"Adult agamaglobulinemia","volume":"95","author":"WALL RL","year":"1955","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-9926","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8561(05)70190-9","article-title":"Common variable immunodeficiency. Humoral Immunodeficiencies","volume":"21","author":"WEBSTER ADB","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North America"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(00)80066-2","article-title":"CMV complications in common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"202","author":"WITTE T","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunobiology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0171-2985","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(61)91483-0","article-title":"Inherited ''acquired'' hypogammaglobulinaemia","volume":"1","author":"WOLHEIM FA","year":"1961","journal-title":"Lancet","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0099-5355","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1997.4483","article-title":"IL-10 production in common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"86","author":"ZHOU Z","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0090-1229","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.45.1.77","article-title":"Gastric pathology in patients with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"45","author":"ZULLO A","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gut","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0017-5749","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ci\u00eancias"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/aabc\/v76n4\/a07v76n4.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T20:22:24Z","timestamp":1706127744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652004000400007&lng=en&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"references-count":134,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0001-37652004000400007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0001-37652004000400007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-3765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-3765","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}}}