{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:58:27Z","timestamp":1785333507402,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A hipercalcemia associada \u00e0 malignidade \u00e9 descrita em 20 a 30% dos pacientes com c\u00e2ncer em alguma etapa da doen\u00e7a, e significa mau progn\u00f3stico. Os sintomas relacionados ao sistema nervoso central predominam, tais como progressivo decl\u00ednio da capacidade cognitiva, estupor e coma. As altera\u00e7\u00f5es na fun\u00e7\u00e3o renal (incapacidade de concentrar a urina acarretando poli\u00faria) e no trato gastrointestinal (anorexia, n\u00e1useas e v\u00f4mitos) corroboram para a desidrata\u00e7\u00e3o e agravam a hipercalcemia. A hipercalcemia causada pelo c\u00e2ncer \u00e9 comumente classificada em: 1) hipercalcemia osteol\u00edtica local, decorrente da intensa reabsor\u00e7\u00e3o \u00f3ssea osteocl\u00e1stica nas \u00e1reas em torno das c\u00e9lulas malignas na medula \u00f3ssea; 2) hipercalcemia humoral maligna, causada pela secre\u00e7\u00e3o do pept\u00eddeo relacionado ao paratorm\u00f4nio (PTHrP) pela neoplasia maligna; 3) hiperparatireoidismo ect\u00f3pico; 4) produ\u00e7\u00e3o de 1,25 (OH)2 D pelo tumor. O controle adequado da hipercalcemia \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio para dar tempo de o paciente responder ao tratamento antineopl\u00e1sico. A expans\u00e3o de volume com solu\u00e7\u00e3o salina corrige a desidrata\u00e7\u00e3o, melhora a filtra\u00e7\u00e3o glomerular e aumenta a excre\u00e7\u00e3o urin\u00e1ria de c\u00e1lcio, que pode ser ampliada por diur\u00e9ticos de al\u00e7a. Os bisfosfonatos intravenosos s\u00e3o os medicamentos mais eficientes em controlar a hipercalcemia, uma vez que bloqueiam a oste\u00f3lise osteocl\u00e1stica e tamb\u00e9m possuem efeito anti-tumoral, diminuindo as met\u00e1stases \u00f3sseas. Novas alternativas de tratamento das manifesta\u00e7\u00f5es \u00f3sseas das malignidades s\u00e3o os anticorpos anti-PTHrP, anticorpos anti-RANKL e a osteoprotegerina, al\u00e9m de inibidores de proteossomo no caso do mieloma m\u00faltiplo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-27302005000500024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,10]],"date-time":"2006-02-10T14:05:59Z","timestamp":1139580359000},"page":"816-824","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A hipercalcemia nas malignidades: aspectos cl\u00ednicos, diagn\u00f3sticos e terap\u00eauticos"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Maria Lucia F. de","family":"Farias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"issue":"352","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp042806","article-title":"Hypercalcemia associated with cancer","author":"Stewart AF","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-4793","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Hypercalcemia in hematologic malignancies and in solid tumors associated with extensive localized bone destruction","author":"Clines GA","year":"2003","edition":"5th"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1138\/20050158","article-title":"Meeting report from the Vth international conference on cancer-induced bone diseases","author":"Coleman RE","year":"2005","journal-title":"BoneKEy-Osteovision"},{"issue":"142","key":"ref4","first-page":"5050","article-title":"The OPG \/ RANKL \/ RANK system","author":"Khosla S. Minireview","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0013-7227","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"114","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200422123","article-title":"Platelet-derived lysophosphatidic acid supports the progression of osteolytic bone metastases in breast cancer","author":"Boucharaba A","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Invest","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-9738","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"100","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10954","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1830978100","article-title":"A causal role for endothelin-1 in the pathogenesis of osteoblastic bone metastases","author":"Yin JJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0027-8424","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1138\/20040141","article-title":"Awakened from sleep: dormancy in stem cells and bone metastases","author":"Strewler G.","year":"2004","journal-title":"BoneKEy-Osteovision"},{"issue":"98","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.13.3527","article-title":"Myeloma cells induce imbalance in the osteoprotegerin \/ osteoprotegerin ligand system in the human bone marrow environment","author":"Giuliani N","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0006-4971","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"100","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3002","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-04-1190","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin is bound, internalized, and degraded by multiple myeloma cells","author":"Standal T","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0006-4971","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.040314","article-title":"Macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha induces hypercalcemia in adult T-cell leukemia","author":"Okada Y","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0884-0431","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism","first-page":".246","volume-title":"Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy","author":"Horwitz MJ","year":"2003","edition":"5th"},{"issue":"86","key":"ref12","first-page":"1525","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone-related protein-(1-36) stimulates renal calcium reabsorption in normal human volunteers: implications for the pathogenesis of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy","author":"Syed MA","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"88","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020773","article-title":"Direct comparison of sustained infusion of human parathyroid hormone-related protein-(1-36) [PTHrP-(1-36)] versus hPTH-(1-34) on serum calcium, plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and fractional calcium excretion in healthy human volunteers","author":"Horwitz MJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"70","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4644(19980801)70:2<193::AID-JCB5>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"The nucleus: a target site for parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) action","author":"Nguyen MT","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0730-2312","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"144","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220818","article-title":"Minireview: parathyroid hormone-related protein as an intracrine factor-trafficking mechanisms and functional consequences","author":"Fiaschi-Taesch NM","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0013-7227","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"61","key":"ref16","first-page":"2282","article-title":"Parathyroid-hormone-related protein induces interleukin 8 production by prostate cancer cells via a novel intracrine mechanism not mediated by its classical nuclear localization sequence","author":"Gujral A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0008-5472","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"284","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E435","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00143.2002","article-title":"PTHrP stimulated by the calcium-sensing receptor requires MAP kinase activation","author":"MacLeod RJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"144","key":"ref18","first-page":"5188","article-title":"Calcium-sensing receptor induces messenger ribonucleic acid of human securin, pituitary tumor transforming gene, in rat testicular","author":"Tfelt-Hansen J","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0013-7227","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"26","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-200302000-00009","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone-related protein and hypercalcemia in patients with metastatic melanoma: case report and review","author":"Attia P","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0277-3732","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"51","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.51.303","article-title":"Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM): an autopsy case report","author":"Iwai H","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr J","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0918-8959","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"25","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-200204000-00011","article-title":"Poorly differentiated colon carcinoma with neuroendocrine features presenting with hypercalcemia and cutaneous metastases: case report and review of the literature","author":"Luh JY","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0277-3732","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gassur.2004.06.012","article-title":"Hypercalcemia and pancreatic endocrine neoplasia with elevated PTH-rP: report of two new cases and subject review","author":"Matsen SL","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1091-255X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"323","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199011083231907","article-title":"Hypercalcemia and ectopic secretion of parathyroid hormone by ovarian carcinoma with rearrangement of the gene for parathyroid hormone","author":"Nussbaum SR","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-4793","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pgp.0000139655.18062.12","article-title":"Ovarian non-small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with paraneoplastic parathyroid hormone-related hypercalcemia","author":"Ohira S","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0277-1691","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"129","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.5858\/2005-129-531-SCCOTO","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the ovary with hypercalcemia and ectopic parathyroid hormone production","author":"Chen L","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-9985","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.9.1.40","article-title":"Hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia, and calcified brain metastatic lesions in a patient with small cell carcinoma demonstrating positive immunostain for parathyroid hormone","author":"Botea V","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"45","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190410001683804","article-title":"Hypercalcemia with nephrocalcinosis and impaired renal function due to increased parathyroid hormone secretion at onset of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia","author":"Lankisch P","year":"2004","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1042-8194","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.10.2.125","article-title":"Recurrent hypercalcemia due to ectopic production of parathyroid hormone-related protein and intact parathyroid hormone in a single patient with multiple malignancies","author":"Eid W","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"51","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2002.33341","article-title":"Lung cancer associated with hypercalcemia induced by concurrently elevated parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related protein levels","author":"Uchimura K","year":"2002","journal-title":"Metabolism","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0026-0495","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03343867","article-title":"Increased prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism in treated breast cancer","author":"Fierabracci P","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0391-4097","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.9.5.389","article-title":"Primary ovarian lymphoma manifesting with severe hypercalcemia","author":"Rizvi AA","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.3.579","article-title":"Vitamin D-mediated hypercalcemia in lymphoma: evidence for hormone production by tumor-adjacent macrophages","author":"Hewison M","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0884-0431","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"165","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63343-3","article-title":"Increased expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase in dysgerminomas: a novel form of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy","author":"Evans KN","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Pathol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-9440","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref34","series-title":"Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism","first-page":"225","volume-title":"Hypercalcemia: clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management","author":"LeBoff MS","year":"2003","edition":"5"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1586\/14737140.4.6.991","article-title":"Ibandronate: its pharmacology and clinical efficacy in the management of tumor-induced hypercalcemia and metastatic bone disease","volume":"4","author":"Heidenreich A","year":"2004","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anticancer Ther"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3219","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.11.080","article-title":"Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of clodronate in patients with primary operable breast cancer","volume":"20","author":"Powles T","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0732-183X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.6.1378","article-title":"American society of clinical oncology guideline on the role of bisphosphonates in breast cancer","volume":"18","author":"Hillner BE","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0732-183X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.9.1557","article-title":"A dose-finding study of zoledronate in hypercalcemic cancer patients","volume":"14","author":"Body JJ","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0884-0431","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-7754(01)90261-1","article-title":"Zoledronic acid in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy: results of the international clinical development program","volume":"28","author":"Major PP","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin Oncol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0093-7754","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyi005","article-title":"A multicenter and open label clinical trial of zoledronic acid 4mg in patients with hypercalcemia of malignancy","volume":"35","author":"Kawada K","year":"2005","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0368-2811","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1053\/sonc.2001.25426","article-title":"Dosing regimens and main adverse events of bisphosphonates","volume":"28","author":"Body JJ","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin Oncol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0093-7754","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-003-0477-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ibandronate in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy: a randomized multicentric comparison to pamidronate","volume":"11","author":"Pecherstorfer M","year":"2003","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0941-4355","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.2.558","article-title":"Zoledronic acid is superior to pamidronate in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy: a pooled analysis of two randomized, controlled clinical trials","volume":"19","author":"Major P","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0732-183X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"678","article-title":"Zoledronate in a patient with pamidronate refractory hypercalcemia syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Wenzel C","year":"2004","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0941-4355","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-11271","article-title":"Pamidronate and calcitonin as therapy of acute cancer-related hypercalcemia in children","volume":"213","author":"Schmid I","year":"2001","journal-title":"Klin Padiatr","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0300-8630","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000059423.62268.02","article-title":"Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia-induced extreme hypercalcemia with pamidronate and calcitonin","volume":"4","author":"Mathur M","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-7754(03)00171-4","article-title":"Treatment of cancer-related hypercalcemia: the role of gallium nitrate","volume":"30","author":"Leyland-Jones B","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Oncol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0093-7754","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2005.25.144","article-title":"Zoledronic acid-related angiogenesis modifications and survival in advanced breast cancer patients","volume":"25","author":"Vicenzi B","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1079-9907","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20602","article-title":"Sequence-and schedule-dependent enhancement of zoledronic acid induced apoptosis by doxorubicin in breast and prostate cancer cells","volume":"113","author":"Neville-Webbe HL","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Cancer","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0020-7136","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4971","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-0264","article-title":"Bisphosphonates and cancer-induced bone disease: beyond their antiresorptive activity","volume":"65","author":"Cl\u00e9zardin P","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0008-5472","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3150","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.04.105","article-title":"Zoledronic acid versus placebo in the treatment of skeletal metastases in patients with lung cancer and other solid tumors: a phase III, double-blind, randomized trial - the zoledronic acid lung cancer and other solid tumors study group","volume":"21","author":"Rosen LS","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0732-183X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7413.469","article-title":"Systematic review of the role of bisphosphonates on skeletal morbidity in metastatic cancer","volume":"327","author":"Ross JR","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0959-8138","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5059","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030910","article-title":"Markers of bone remodeling in metastatic bone disease","volume":"88","author":"Fohr B","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"1457","article-title":"Clinical values of bone remodeling markers in patients with bone metastases treated with zoledronic acid","volume":"25","author":"Pectasides D","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anticancer Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0250-7005","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji002","article-title":"Bone turnover markers as predictors of skeletal complications in prostate cancer, lung cancer, and other solid tumors","volume":"97","author":"Brown JE","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0027-8874","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0217124","article-title":"Manipulating the environment of cancer cells in bone: a novel therapeutic approach","volume":"110","author":"Martin TJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-9738","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2003.08.019","article-title":"Treatment of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia and cachexia with humanized anti-parathyroid hormone-related protein antibody","volume":"16","author":"Sato K","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Oncol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0093-7754","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"2665","article-title":"Generation of a humanized monoclonal antibody against human parathyroid hormone-related protein and its efficacy against humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy","volume":"24","author":"Onuma E","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anticancer Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0250-7005","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.2.348","article-title":"The effect of a single dose of osteoprotegerin in postmenopausal women","volume":"16","author":"Bekker PJ","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0884-0431","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.040305","article-title":"A single-dose placebo-controlled trial of AMG 162, a fully human monoclonal antibody to RANKL, in postmenopausal women","volume":"19","author":"Bekker PJ","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0884-0431","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"4432","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin inhibits osteolysis and decreases skeletal tumor burden in syngeneic and nude mouse models of experimental bone metastasis","volume":"61","author":"Morony S","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0008-5472","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"4038","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin diminishes advanced bone cancer pain","volume":"61","author":"Luger NM","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0008-5472","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"783","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin prevents and reverses hypercalcemia in a murine model of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy","volume":"60","author":"Capparelli C","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0008-5472","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3526","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.09.037","article-title":"Emerging applications of the tumor necrosis factor family of ligands and receptors in cancer therapy","volume":"21","author":"Younes A","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0732-183X","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia &amp; Metabologia"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/abem\/v49n5\/a24v49n5.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T20:21:58Z","timestamp":1627071718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-27302005000500024&lng=pt&tlng=pt"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0004-27302005000500024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0004-27302005000500024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-2730"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-2730","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]}}}