{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:05:27Z","timestamp":1792170327793,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq. Gastroenterol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Red-hot chili pepper and other spices have been blamed for causing or exacerbating symptoms of anal pathologies like anal fissure and hemorrhoids. AIM: To determine if consumption of chilies increases symptoms of acute anal fissures. METHODS: Individual patients were randomized to receive capsules containing chili or placebo for one week in addition to analgesics and fiber supplement. Patients were asked to note score for symptoms like pain, anal burning, and pruritus during the study period. After 1 week, cross over treatment was administered to the same group of patients with the same methodology and results were noted at the end of 2 weeks. RESULTS: Fifty subjects were recruited for this study. Forty three of them completed the trial (22 in the chili group and 21 in the placebo group). The daily mean pain score was significantly lower in the placebo group in the study period. Score 2.05 in chili group and 0.97 in placebo group. There was a significant burning sensation experienced by the patients in the chili group (score 1.85 for the chili group vs 0.71 for the placebo group). Patient\u2019s mean recorded improvement score was significantly higher after taking placebo. Eighty one point three percent patients preferred placebo while 13.9% preferred chilies. Two patients had no preference. CONCLUSION: Consumption of chili does increase the symptoms of acute anal fissure and reduces patient compliance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-28032008000200006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,10]],"date-time":"2008-07-10T03:08:13Z","timestamp":1215659293000},"page":"124-127","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Consumption of red-hot chili pepper increases symptoms in patients with acute anal fissures. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind, crossover trial"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Pravin J.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fine Morning Hospital and Research Center, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-4257(97)89479-X","article-title":"Capsaicin and the stomach: A review of experimental and clinical data","volume":"91","author":"Abdel-Salam OM","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Physiol Paris","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0928-4257","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.12968\/denu.2005.32.4.213","article-title":"Incisor toothwear caused by a dietary habit involving chilies-a case report","volume":"32","author":"Addy L","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dent Update","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0305-5000","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"179","article-title":"Effect of red chillies on small bowel and colonic transit and rectal sensitivity in men with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Agarwal MK","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0254-8860","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910380512","article-title":"Tumour-promoting effect of chili extract in BALB\/c mice","volume":"38","author":"Agrawal RC","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int J Cancer","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0020-7136","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"293","article-title":"Effects of red chilli (Capsicum frutescens L) on rats","volume":"41","author":"al-Qarawi AA","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet Hum Toxicol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0145-6296","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1987.11700057","article-title":"Pruritus ani","volume":"82","author":"Aucoin EJ","year":"1987","journal-title":"Postgrad Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0032-5481","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"104","article-title":"Induction of tumours by Indian dietary constituents","volume":"32","author":"Balachandran B","year":"1995","journal-title":"Indian J Cancer","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0019-509X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"156","article-title":"Red-hot chili pepper: irritating the irritable colon","volume":"19","author":"Bhatia SJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0254-8860","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"759","article-title":"Red pepper effect","volume":"46","author":"Brooks MH","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0960-1643","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02237302","article-title":"Associations between hemorrhoids and other diagnoses","volume":"41","author":"Delco F","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0012-3706","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"529","article-title":"A study of some etiological factors in hemorroidal disease","volume":"65","author":"Denis J","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch Fr Mal App Dig","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-9772","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.14.12.974","article-title":"Effect of red chili powder on DNA content of gastric aspirates","volume":"14","author":"Desai HG","year":"1973","journal-title":"Gut","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0017-5749","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5724.673","article-title":"Lateral subcutaneous internal sphincterotomy in treatment of anal fissure","volume":"3","author":"Hoffmann DC","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br Med J","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0007-1447","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1080\/003655202317316042","article-title":"Capsaicin-sensitive nerve fibres induce epithelial cell proliferation, inflammatory cell immigration and transforming growth factor-alpha expression in the rat colonic mucosa in vivo","volume":"37","author":"Hoffmann P","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0036-5521","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02560104","article-title":"Diet and other risk factors for fissure-in-ano. Prospective case control study","volume":"31","author":"Jensen SL","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0012-3706","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"1981","article-title":"Constipation is not a risk factor for hemorrhoids: a case-control study of potential etiological agents","volume":"89","author":"Johanson JF","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-9270","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1992.tb00961.x","article-title":"The effect of chili ingestion on gastrointestinal mucosal proliferation and azoxymethane-induced cancer in the rat","volume":"7","author":"Kang JY","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0815-9319","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.6.743","article-title":"Chronic upper abdominal pain: site and radiation in various structural and functional disorders and the effect of various foods","volume":"33","author":"Kang JY","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gut","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0017-5749","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"170","article-title":"Gastro-intestinal effects of Indian spice mixture (Garam Masala)","volume":"20","author":"Kochhar KP","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trop Gastroenterol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0250-636X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(99)01294-8","article-title":"Capsaicin, protons and heat: new excitement about nociceptors","volume":"20","author":"Kress M","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0165-6147","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"75","article-title":"Factors in the aetiology of chronic duodenal ulcer in Ibadan","volume":"30","author":"Lewis EA","year":"1978","journal-title":"Trop Geogr Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0041-3232","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800831006","article-title":"Aetiology and treatment of anal fissure","volume":"83","author":"Lund JN","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Surg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0007-1323","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(94)90330-1","article-title":"Identification of nitrophenols as nitrosation products from capsaicin and red chilies","volume":"83","author":"Mende P","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Lett","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0096-3917","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2006.9.237","article-title":"Effect of spices on lipid metabolism in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon carcinogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Nalini N","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-8320(05)82220-1","article-title":"Risk factors associated with hemorrhoidal symptoms in specialized consultation","volume":"29","author":"Pigot F","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0399-8320","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2001.tb10998.x","article-title":"Owen WJ \u2018Always chew your chillies\u2019: a report of small bowel obstruction with perforation","volume":"55","author":"Rajaratnam SS","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1368-5031","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1080\/03602530600959557","article-title":"Metabolism of capsaicinoids by p450 enzymes: a review of recent findings on reaction mechanisms, bio-activation, and detoxification processes","volume":"38","author":"Reilly CA","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Metab Rev","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0360-2532","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07451.x","article-title":"Chili pepper and rectal hyperalgesia in irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"98","author":"Schmulson MJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-9270","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/13.8.1331","article-title":"Increased exposure to dietary amines and nitrate in a population at high risk of oesophageal and gastric cancer in Kashmir (India)","volume":"13","author":"Siddiqi M","year":"1992","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0143-3334","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"513","article-title":"Is there a correlation between dietary habits and hemorrhoidal disease?","volume":"27","author":"Sielezneff I","year":"1998","journal-title":"Presse Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0032-7867","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05285","article-title":"Spider toxins activate the capsaicin receptor to produce inflammatory pain","volume":"444","author":"Siemens J","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-0836","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(95)00108-5","article-title":"Capsaicin in hot chili pepper: carcinogen, co-carcinogen or anticarcinogen?","volume":"34","author":"Surh YJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0278-6915","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"92","article-title":"Involvement of prostaglandins in chili-induced early gastric vascular damage in adult Wistar rat","volume":"12","author":"Thatte UM","year":"1993","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0254-8860","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["Arquivos de Gastroenterologia"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/ag\/v45n2\/a06v45n2.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T04:22:26Z","timestamp":1684470146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-28032008000200006&lng=en&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0004-28032008000200006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0004-28032008000200006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-2803"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-2803","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}}}