{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T23:01:51Z","timestamp":1781650911069,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":258,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"suppl 1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq. Gastroenterol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>ABSTRACT In order to draw evidence-based recommendations concerning the management of autoimmune diseases of the liver, the Brazilian Society of Hepatology has sponsored a single-topic meeting in October 18th, 2014 at S\u00e3o Paulo. An organizing committee comprised of seven investigators was previously elected by the Governing Board to organize the scientific agenda as well as to select twenty panelists to make a systematic review of the literature and to present topics related to the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cirrhosis and their overlap syndromes. After the meeting, all panelists gathered together for the discussion of the topics and the elaboration of those recommendations. The text was subsequently submitted for suggestions and approval of all members of the Brazilian Society of Hepatology through its homepage. The present paper is the final version of the reviewed manuscript organized in topics, followed by the recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Hepatology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-28032015000500002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,6]],"date-time":"2016-03-06T00:58:51Z","timestamp":1457225931000},"page":"15-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Brazilian society of hepatology recommendations for the diagnosis and management of autoimmune diseases of the liver"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Paulo Lisboa","family":"Bittencourt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Portugu\u00eas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Luiz Rachid","family":"Can\u00e7ado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Alves","family":"Couto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilda","family":"Porta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f4nio Eduardo Benedito","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debora Raquel Benedita","family":"Terrabuio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto Jos\u00e9 de","family":"Carvalho Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalton Marques","family":"Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene Kazue","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liana","family":"Codes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Portugu\u00eas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana Costa","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreia Silva","family":"Evangelista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto Queiroz","family":"Farias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana Lof\u00eago","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Harriz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmundo Pessoa A","family":"Lopes Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Esp\u00edrito Santo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo Oliveira","family":"Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elze Maria Gomes de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janaina Luz Narciso","family":"Schiavon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Seva-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edison Roberto","family":"Parise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Methodologies and Policies from the ACC\/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines April 2006","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-139-6-200309160-00013","article-title":"Standardized reporting of clinical practice guidelines: a proposal from the Conference on Guideline Standardization","volume":"139","author":"Shiffman RN","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S1089-3261(02)00019-3","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis: diagnostic criteria, subclassifications, and clinical features","volume":"6","author":"MacFarlane IG","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2005.07.004","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"9","author":"Thiele DL","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00182-4","article-title":"Clinical distinctions and pathogenic implications of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in Brazil and the United States","volume":"37","author":"Czaja AJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"20 anos de hepatite autoimune. HCFMUSP","author":"Terrabuio DBR","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S181","DOI":"10.2223\/JPED.152","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"76","author":"Porta G","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.22131","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis\/sclerosing cholangitis overlap syndrome in childhood: a 16-year prospective study","volume":"33","author":"Gregorio GV","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2445-4","article-title":"Acute and acute severe (fulminant) autoimune hepatitis","volume":"58","author":"Czaja AJ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31802dbdfc","article-title":"Frequency of concurrent autoimmune disorders in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Effect of Age, Gender, and Genetic Background","volume":"42","author":"Bittencourt PL","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"2193","article-title":"Practice Guidelines of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"51","author":"Manns MP","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80297-9","article-title":"International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"31","author":"Alvarez F","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.235259","article-title":"British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines for management of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"60","author":"Gleeson D","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2.1.33","article-title":"The role of autoantibodies as diagnostic markers of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"2","author":"Czaja","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.08.002","article-title":"Liver autoimmune serology: a consensus statement from the committee for autoimmune serology of the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group","volume":"41","author":"Vergani D","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26666","article-title":"Antismooth muscle and antiactin antibodies are indirect markers of histological and biochemical activity of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"59","author":"Couto CA","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.12.012","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"55","author":"Lohse A","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"89","article-title":"Terceiro Consenso Brasileiro para pesquisa de autoanticorpos em C\u00e9lulas HEp-2 (FAN) Third Brazilian Consensus for autoantibodies screening in HEp-2 cells (ANA)","volume":"49","author":"Dellavance A","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Bras Reumatol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.29.5.403","article-title":"Classification of smooth muscle autoantibodies detected by immunofluorescence","volume":"29","author":"Bottazzo GF","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.2001.0540","article-title":"Thermolabile and calcium-dependent serum factor interferes with polymerized actin, and impairs anti-actin antibody detection","volume":"17","author":"Can\u00e7ado EL","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"589","article-title":"Characterization of the microsomal antigen related to a subclass of active chronic hepatitis.","volume":"26","author":"Rizzetto M","year":"1974","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840070626","article-title":"Chronic active hepatitis associated with antiliver\/kidney microsome antibody type 1: a second type of \"autoimmune\" hepatitis.","volume":"7","author":"Homberg JC","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1993.tb03408.x","article-title":"Anti-LKM-1 antibodies determined by use of recombinant P450 2D6 in ELISA and western blot and their association with anti-HCV and HCV-RNA.","volume":"92","author":"Seelig R","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01229.x","article-title":"Genetic heterogeneity in susceptibility to autoimmune hepatitis types 1 and 2.","volume":"94","author":"Bittencourt PL","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.034","article-title":"HLA class II influences humoral autoimmunity in patients with type 2 autoimmune hepatitis.","volume":"45","author":"Djilali-Saiah I","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01280.x","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of cDNA encoding the antigenic protein of the human tRNP(Ser)Sec complex recognized by autoantibodies from patients withtype-1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"121","author":"Costa M","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1515\/bc.2010.078","article-title":"Human SepSecS or SLA\/LP: selenocysteine formation and autoimmune hepatitis.","volume":"391","author":"Palioura S","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.2.259","article-title":"Establishment of standardised SLA\/LP immunoassays: specificity for autoimmune hepatitis, worldwide occurrence, and clinical characteristics","volume":"51","author":"Baeres M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1268-4","article-title":"Autoantibodies as prognostic Markers in Autoimmune Liver Disease","volume":"55","author":"Czaja AJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080632","article-title":"Antibody to liver cytosol (anti-LC1) in patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis type 2","volume":"8","author":"Martini E","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2013.02.004","article-title":"Autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis: anti-liver kidney microsome type 1 (anti-LKM1) and anti-liver cytosol type 1 (anti-LC1) antibodies.","volume":"37","author":"Johanet C","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2013.08.001","article-title":"Clinical significance of autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"46","author":"Liberal R","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22322","article-title":"International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group. Simplified criteria for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"48","author":"Hennes EM","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22513","article-title":"Perfomance of Diagnostic Scoring Systems for Autoimmune Hepatitis","volume":"48","author":"Czaja A","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v4.i9.262","article-title":"Centrilobular necrosis in acute presentation of Japanese patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"4","author":"Abe K","year":"2012","journal-title":"World. J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24080","article-title":"Autoimmune acute liver failure: proposed clinical and histological criteria","volume":"53","author":"Stravitz RT","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"82","author":"Can\u00e7ado ELR","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.0010000001","article-title":"Failure of budesonide in a pilot study of treatment-dependent autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"119","author":"Czaja AJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.046","article-title":"Budesonide induces remission more effectively than prednisone in a controlled trial of patients with autoimmune hepatitis.","volume":"139","author":"Manns MP","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70140-5","article-title":"Pharmacogenomics and metabolite measurement for 6-mercaptopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"118","author":"Dubinsky MC","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02583.x","article-title":"Allopurinol safely and effectively optimizes tioguanine metabolites in inflammatory bowel disease patients not responding to azathioprine and mercaptopurine","volume":"22","author":"Sparrow MP","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12223","article-title":"Allopurinol safely and effectively optimises thiopurine metabolites in patients with autoimmune hepatitis.","volume":"37","author":"de Boer YS","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.32485","article-title":"Sustained remission after corticosteroid therapy for type 1 autoimmune hepatitis: a retrospective analysis","volume":"35","author":"Czaja AJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032005000400011","article-title":"Chloroquine for the maintenance of remission of autoimmune hepatitis: results of a pilot study","volume":"42","author":"Mucenic M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arq Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.1.97","article-title":"Management and outcome of pregnancy in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"48","author":"Heneghan MA","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e318176b8c5","article-title":"Follow-up of pregnant women with autoimmune hepatitis: the disease behavior along with maternal and fetal outcomes","volume":"43","author":"Terrabuio DR","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)32016-2","article-title":"Pregnancy and portal hypertension a pathology view of physiologic changes","volume":"5","author":"L\u00f3pez-M\u00e9ndez E","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12042","article-title":"Systematic review: managing suboptimal treatment responses in autoimmune hepatitis with conventional and nonstandard drugs","volume":"36","author":"Selvarajah V","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2010.06579.x","article-title":"Treatment of autoimmune hepatitis: A review of current and evolving therapies","volume":"26","author":"Jothimani D","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2151-2","article-title":"Advances in the Current Treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis","volume":"57","author":"Czaja AJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v6.i6.410","article-title":"Management of autoimmune hepatitis: Focus on pharmacologic treatments beyond corticosteroids","volume":"6","author":"Moura MC","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/512132","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis: focusing on treatments other than steroids","volume":"26","author":"Czaja AJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010683817344","article-title":"Cyclosporin A is a promising alternative to corticosteroids in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"46","author":"Malekzadeh R","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.12.032","article-title":"Mycophenolate for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis: prospective assessment of its efficacy and safety for induction and maintenance of remission in a large cohort of treatment-naive patients","volume":"55","author":"Zachou K","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/512624","article-title":"Rituximab for the treatment of patients with autoimmune hepatitis who are refractory or intolerante to standard therapy","volume":"27","author":"Burak KW","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.11.010","article-title":"Infliximab as a rescue treatment in difficult to treat autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"58","author":"Weiler-Normann C","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1998.tb00674.x","article-title":"Efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid in Japanese patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"13","author":"Nakamura K","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300603","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid as adjunctive therapy for problematic type 1 autoimmune hepatitis: a randomized placebo-controlled treatment trial","volume":"30","author":"Czaja AJ","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2011.524206","article-title":"Pharmacological management of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"12","author":"Vergani D","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.05.042","article-title":"Budesonide versus Prednisone with Azathioprine for the Treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis in Children and Adolescents","volume":"163","author":"Woynarowski M","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80065-8","article-title":"Short-term cyclosporine induces a remission of autoimmune hepatitis in children","volume":"30","author":"Alvarez F","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2012.02745.x","article-title":"Tacrolimus without or with the addition of conventional immunosuppressive treatment in juvenile autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"101","author":"Marlaka JR","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.02.024","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil as rescue treatment for autoimmune liver disease in children: a 5-year follow-up","volume":"51","author":"Aw MM","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1900","article-title":"Successful Treatment of Refractory Autoimmune Hepatitis With Rituximab","volume":"132","author":"D'Agostino D","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12381","article-title":"Review article: the management of autoimmune hepatitis beyond consensus guidelines","volume":"38","author":"Czaja AJ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e3282f9e239","article-title":"An update on primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"24","author":"Maggs JR","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5421","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i41.5421","article-title":"Genetic epidemiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"13","author":"Karlsen TH","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.04.009","article-title":"European Association for the Study of the Liver EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of cholestatic liver diseases","volume":"51","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.38.4.610","article-title":"Natural history and prognostic factors in 305 Swedish patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"38","author":"Broome U","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60096-3","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"382","author":"Hirschfield GM","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref71","series-title":"Schiff's Diseases of the Liver","first-page":"477","volume-title":"Cp. 20","author":"Nguyen DL","edition":"11"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.33202","article-title":"Small-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis: a long term follow-up study","volume":"35","author":"Angulo P","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2008.11.017","article-title":"Autoimmune pancreatitis and IgG4-associated sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"23","author":"Nishimori I","year":"2009","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3948","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.3948","article-title":"IgG4-related sclerosing disease","volume":"14","author":"Kamisawa T","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23294","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"51","author":"Chapman R","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.21.10.870","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis: a review of its clinical features, cholangiography, and hepatic histology","volume":"21","author":"Chapman RW","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21405","article-title":"Sclerosing cholangitis: a focus on secondary causes","volume":"44","author":"Abdalain R","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07401.x","article-title":"Is there a role for liver biopsy in primary sclerosing cholangitis?","volume":"98","author":"Burak KW","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(90)90281-U","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid for primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"11","author":"Chazouill\u00e8res O","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/S2210-7401(12)70015-3","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid and bile-acid mimetics as therapeutic agents for cholestatic liver diseases: an overview of their mechanisms of action","volume":"36","author":"Poupon R","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref81","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid in primary sclerosing cholangitis: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","author":"Shi J","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04822.x","article-title":"Meta-analysis: ursodeoxycholic acid for primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"34","author":"Triantos CK","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref83","first-page":"CD003626","article-title":"Bile acids for primary sclerosing cholangitis","author":"Poropat G","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2010.12.008","article-title":"Alkaline phosphatase normalization is associated with better prognosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"43","author":"Stanich PP","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.10.013","article-title":"Improvement of serum alkaline phosphatase to <1.5 upper limit of normal predicts better outcome and reduced risk of cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"58","author":"Al Mamari S","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.12.032","article-title":"Association between reduced levels of alkaline phosphatase and survival times of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"11","author":"Lindstr\u00f6m L","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27074","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of ursodeoxycholic acid withdrawal in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"60","author":"Wunsch E","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-010-0204-x","article-title":"Bezafibrate for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"45","author":"Mizuno S","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05869.x","article-title":"Beneficial effect of bezafibrate on primary sclerosing cholangitis (three case reports)","volume":"97","author":"Kita R","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23082","article-title":"High-dose ursodeoxycholic acid for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"50","author":"Lindor KD","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.08.017","article-title":"High-dose ursodeoxycholic acid in primary sclerosing cholangitis: a 5-year multicenter, randomized, controlled study","volume":"129","author":"Olsson R","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-2-200101160-00008","article-title":"Ursodiol use is associated with lower prevalence of colonic neoplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"134","author":"Tung BY","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2003.50156","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid as a chemopreventive agent in patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"124","author":"Pardi DS","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02650.x","article-title":"The impact of ursodeoxycholic acid on cancer, dysplasia and mortality in ulcerative colitis patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"22","author":"Wolf JM","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04966.x","article-title":"High dose ursodeoxycholic acid in primary sclerosing cholangitis does not prevent colorectal neoplasia","volume":"35","author":"Lindstr\u00f6m L","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.10.020","article-title":"Risk for colorectal neoplasia in patients with colonic Crohn's disease and concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"10","author":"Braden B","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2012.01.015","article-title":"Duration and severity of primary sclerosing cholangitis is not associated with risk of neoplastic changes in the colon in patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"75","author":"Navaneethan U","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.156","article-title":"High-dose ursodeoxycholic acid is associated with the development of colorectal neoplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"106","author":"Eaton JE","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-013-2772-0","article-title":"Ursodiol and colorectal cancer or dysplasia risk in primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Hansen JD","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1996.tb00754.x","article-title":"Pregnancy in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"16","author":"Janczewska I","year":"1996","journal-title":"Liver"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.228924","article-title":"Pregnancy in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"60","author":"Wellge BE","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.07.011","article-title":"A population-based cohort study of pregnancy outcomes among women with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"12","author":"Ludvigsson JF","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4081\/cp.2011.e55","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis and pregnancy","volume":"1","author":"Kammeijer CQ","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80255-9","article-title":"Elevated levels of bile acids in colostrum of patients with cholestasis of pregnancy are decreased following ursodeoxycholic acid therapy","volume":"29","author":"Brites D","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2010.06.002","article-title":"Safe use of ursodeoxycholic acid in a breast-feeding patient with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"42","author":"V\u00edtek L","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-2574.2010.00268.x","article-title":"Analytical review of diagnosis and treatment strategies for dominant bile duct strictures in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"13","author":"Aljiffry M","year":"2011","journal-title":"HPB"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00251-3","article-title":"Development of dominant bile duct stenosis in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis treated with ursodeoxycholic acid: outcome after endoscopic treatment","volume":"36","author":"Stiehl A","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of. Hepatology"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(01)70403-8","article-title":"Impact of endoscopic therapy on the survival of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"53","author":"Baluyut AR","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastrointestinal endosc"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1325677","article-title":"Risk factors for complications of CPRE in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"44","author":"Ismail S","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3685","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1830-8","article-title":"Comorbidities, sphincterotomy, and ballon dilation predict post-CPRE adverse events in PSC patients: operator experience is protective","volume":"56","author":"Alkhatib AA","year":"2011","journal-title":"Digestive diseases and sciences"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03690.x","article-title":"Ballon dilation compared to stenting of dominant strictures in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"96","author":"Kaya M","year":"2001","journal-title":"The American journal of gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01364.x","article-title":"Four years experience with short-term stenting in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"94","author":"Ponsioen CY","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.22469","article-title":"Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in pediatric primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"18","author":"Shneider BL","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver Transplant"},{"key":"ref114","series-title":"Sclerosing cholangitis","first-page":"322","author":"Miethke AG","year":"2014","edition":"4"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-010-0104-5","article-title":"Sclerosing cholangitis: pediatric perspective","volume":"12","author":"Kerkar N","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e3283388f5b","article-title":"Unique features of primary sclerosing cholangitis in children","volume":"26","author":"Mieli-Vergani G","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2165\/11586500-000000000-00000","article-title":"Current management of primary sclerosing cholangiris in pediatric patients","volume":"13","author":"Ibrahim SH","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Drugs"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2012.04.003","article-title":"Specificities of sclerosing cholangitis in childhood","volume":"36","author":"Girard M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref119","series-title":"Efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis in childrem","author":"Gilger MA"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-012-9801-1","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effect of vancomycin or Treg in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"33","author":"Abarbanel DN","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22906","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"50","author":"Lindor KD","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref122","first-page":"44","article-title":"IV Brazilian guidelines for autoantibodies on HEp-2 cells","volume":"54","author":"Francescantonio PL","year":"2014","journal-title":"Revista brasileira de reumatologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1383732","article-title":"Clinical significance of autoantibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"34","author":"Nakamura M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Seminars in liver disease"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203307081913","article-title":"Clinical and serological follow-up of 71 patients with anti-mitochondrial type 5 antibodies","volume":"16","author":"Andrejevic S","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2013.05.002","article-title":"Autoantibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis: antimitochondrial autoantibodies","volume":"37","author":"Chantran Y","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2-4","key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/17402520600668706","article-title":"Serum reactivity against bacterial pyruvate dehydrogenase: increasing the specificity of anti-mitochondrial antibodies for the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"13","author":"Miyakawa H","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical & developmental immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1586\/erm.11.82","article-title":"Antinuclear antibodies as ancillary markers in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"12","author":"Granito A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert review of molecular diagnostics"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.11.027","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis: a 2010 update","volume":"52","author":"Poupon R","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.01.029","article-title":"Optimising risk stratification in primary biliary cirrhosis: AST\/platelet ratio index predicts outcome independent of ursodeoxycholic acid response","volume":"60","author":"Trivedi PJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25599","article-title":"Noninvasive elastography-based assessment of liver fibrosis progression and prognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"56","author":"Corpechot C","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2014.03.019","article-title":"Acoustic radiation force impulse elastography for non-invasive assessment of disease stage in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: A preliminary study","volume":"69","author":"Zhang DK","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.04.010","article-title":"A validated clinical tool for the prediction of varices in PBC: the Newcastle Varices in PBC Score","volume":"59","author":"Patanwala I","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref133","first-page":"803","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of esophageal varices in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice","volume":"5","author":"Levy C","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American Gastroenterological Association"},{"key":"ref134","first-page":"61","article-title":"Natural history and management of primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"4","author":"Al-Harthy N","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatic medicine : evidence and research"},{"key":"ref135","article-title":"Fatigue and pruritus at onset identify a more aggressive subset of primary biliary cirrhosis","author":"Quarneti C","year":"2014","journal-title":"Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21472","article-title":"Anti-gp210 and anti-centromere antibodies are different risk factors for the progression of primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"45","author":"Nakamura M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref137","first-page":"55","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis: one disease with many faces","volume":"13","author":"Hirschfield GM","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/198070","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of the overlap syndromes of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"27","author":"Czaja AJ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Canadian journal of gastroenterology = Journal canadien de gastroenterologie"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1383734","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis: overlaps with other autoimmune disorders","volume":"34","author":"Floreani A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Seminars in liver disease"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2004.03396.x","article-title":"Prevalence of immune disturbances and chronic liver disease in family members of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"19","author":"Bittencourt PL","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-12-110","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis in a genetically homogeneous population: disease associations and familial occurrence rates","volume":"12","author":"Mantaka A","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21749","article-title":"Increased prevalence of antimitochondrial antibodies in first-degree relatives of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"46","author":"Lazaridis KN","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22428","article-title":"Biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid and long-term prognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"48","author":"Corpechot C","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref144","first-page":"CD000551","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid for primary biliary cirrhosis","author":"Gong Y","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Cochrane database of systematic reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70183-5","article-title":"Combined analysis of randomized controlled trials of ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"113","author":"Poupon RE","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.4065\/72.12.1137","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid delays the onset of esophageal varices in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"72","author":"Lindor KD","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mayo Clinic proceedings"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.11.009","article-title":"The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy on the natural course of primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"128","author":"Corpechot C","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.12.029","article-title":"Excellent long-term survival in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic Acid","volume":"130","author":"Pares A","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.02.031","article-title":"Early primary biliary cirrhosis: biochemical response to treatment and prediction of long-term outcome","volume":"55","author":"Corpechot C","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.01.003","article-title":"Improved prognosis of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis that have a biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid","volume":"136","author":"Kuiper EM","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.216","article-title":"Baseline ductopenia and treatment response predict long-term histological progression in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"105","author":"Kumagi T","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-10-144","article-title":"Trends in liver transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis in the Netherlands 1988-2008","volume":"10","author":"Kuiper EM","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC gastroenterology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref153","first-page":"1313","article-title":"Transplantation trends in primary biliary cirrhosis. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice","volume":"5","author":"Lee J","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American Gastroenterological Association"},{"key":"ref154","first-page":"CD000551","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid for primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"12","author":"Rudic JS","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Cochrane database of systematic reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.12.003","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis: therapeutic advances","volume":"17","author":"Czul F","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.08.029","article-title":"Levels of Alkaline Phosphatase and Bilirubin are Surrogate Endpoints of Outcomes of Patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - an International Follow-up Study","author":"Lammers WJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref157","first-page":"1179","article-title":"Good maternal and fetal outcomes for pregnant women with primary biliary cirrhosis. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice","volume":"12","author":"Trivedi PJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the American Gastroenterological Association"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref158","first-page":"249","article-title":"Defining optimal laboratory response criteria in UDCA treated primary biliary cirrhosis. Results of an international multicenter long term follow-up study","volume":"58","author":"Lammers WJ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70351-3","article-title":"Oral budesonide and ursodeoxycholic acid for treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis: results of a prospective double-blind trial","volume":"117","author":"Luschner M","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20646","article-title":"Budesonide combined with UDCA to improve liver histology in primary biliary cirrhosis: a three-year randomized trial","volume":"41","author":"Rautiainen H","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2007.00232.x","article-title":"Fibrate for treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"37","author":"Iwasaki S","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04512.x","article-title":"Pilot study: fenofibrate for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and an incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid","volume":"33","author":"Levy C","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref163","article-title":"Anticholestatic effects of bezafibrate in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis treated with ursodeoxycholic acid","author":"Honda A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v10.i6.894","article-title":"Fenofibrate for patients with asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"10","author":"Dohmen K","year":"2004","journal-title":"World journal of gastroenterology : WJG"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05944.x","article-title":"Fenofibrate treatment in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"97","author":"Ohira H","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-004-1583-7","article-title":"Long-term fibrate treatment for PBC","volume":"40","author":"Nakamuta M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2980.2012.00574.x","article-title":"Efficacy of fenofibrate in Chinese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis partially responding to ursodeoxycholic acid therapy","volume":"13","author":"Han XF Wang QX","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of digestive diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22670","article-title":"Comment on biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid and long-term prognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"49","author":"Walker LJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2007.00305.x","article-title":"The efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid and bezafibrate combination therapy for primary biliary cirrhosis: A prospective, multicenter study","volume":"38","author":"Iwasaki S","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"ref170","article-title":"Biochemical responses to bezafibrate improve long-term outcome in asymptomatic patients with primary biliary cirrhosis refractory to UDCA","author":"Tanaka A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref171","first-page":"CD009145","article-title":"Bezafibrate for primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"1","author":"Rudic JS","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Cochrane database of systematic reviews"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.02.011","article-title":"Fenofibrate is effective adjunctive therapy in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis: A meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Grigorian AY","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(13)60941-1","article-title":"Who may have treatment benefits with fibrates in primary biliary cirrhosis: a single center retrospective observational cohort analysis","volume":"58","author":"Komori A","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.12.005","article-title":"Efficacy of obeticholic Acid in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and inadequate response to ursodeoxycholic Acid","volume":"148","author":"Hirschfield GM","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref175","series-title":"Controv\u00e9rsias no diagn\u00f3stico e tratamento da Hepatite Autoimune","author":"Couto CA","year":"2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.09.002","article-title":"Overlap syndromes: the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAIHG) position statement on a controversial issue","volume":"54","author":"Boberg KM","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.4.609","article-title":"Susceptibility to primary sclerosing cholangitis in Brazil is associated with HLA-DRB1*13 but not with tumor necrosis fator alpha -308 polymorphism","volume":"51","author":"Bittencourt PL","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03722.x","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndromes: an evaluation of treatment response, long-term outcome and survival","volume":"28","author":"Al-Chalabi T","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23024","article-title":"Prevalence of sclerosing cholangitis in adults with autoimmune hepatitis: a prospective magnetic resonance imaging and histological study","volume":"50","author":"Lewin M","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22073","article-title":"Prevalence of sclerosing cholangitis in adults with autoimmune hepatitis: evaluating the role of routine magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"47","author":"Abdalian R","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04658.x","article-title":"Systematic review: management options for primary sclerosing cholangitis and its variant forms - IgG4-associated cholangitis and overlap with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"33","author":"Culver EL","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290409","article-title":"Characterization of the overlap syndrome of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis: evidence for it being a hepatitic formof PBC in genetically susceptible individuals","volume":"29","author":"Lohse AW","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12210","article-title":"Clinical profile of primary biliary cirrhosis with features of autoimune hepatitis: Importance of corticosteroid therapy","volume":"44","author":"Yoshioka Y","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.10.017","article-title":"Long term outcome and response to therapy of primary biliary cirrhosis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Chazouill\u00e8res O","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.30902","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis with additional features of autoimmune hepatitis: response to therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid","volume":"35","author":"Joshi S","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490731","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/490731","article-title":"Combination therapy of ursodeoxycholic Acid and corticosteroids for primary biliary cirrhosis with features of autoimmune hepatitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"2013","author":"Zhang Y","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0641.2000.033004543.x","article-title":"High prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis among patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"33","author":"van Buuren HR","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41841.x","article-title":"Clinical course and outcome of autoimmune hepatitis\/primary sclerosing cholangitis overlap syndrome","volume":"100","author":"Floreani A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.06.004","article-title":"High prevalence of small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis among patients with overlapping autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"20","author":"Olsson R1","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e318157c614","article-title":"Characteristics and long-term prognosis of the autoimmune hepatitis\/primary sclerosing cholangitis overlap syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Lu\u0308th S","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2010.10.007","article-title":"Pathophysiology and current management of pruritus in liver diseases","author":"Kremer AE","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinics and Research in Hepatology and; Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26909","article-title":"Pruritus in cholestasis: facts and fiction","volume":"60","author":"Beuers U","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1159\/000360518","article-title":"Advances in pathogeneisis and management of pruritus in cholestasis","author":"Kremer AE","year":"2014","journal-title":"Digestive Diseases"},{"key":"ref194","first-page":"137","article-title":"Relationship between pruritus and quality of life in patients on hemodialysis","volume":"83","author":"Welter E","year":"2008","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09586.x","article-title":"The 5-D itch scale: a new measure of pruritus","volume":"162","author":"Elman S","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.03.015","article-title":"Update on primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"59","author":"Karlsen TH","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of; Hepatology"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.32993","article-title":"The true impact of fatigue in primary biliary cirrhosis: a population study","volume":"122","author":"Goldblatt J","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20276","article-title":"Quality of life in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"40","author":"Poupon RE","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.080317","article-title":"Four year follow up of fatigue in a geographically defined primary biliary cirrhosis cohort","volume":"55","author":"Jones DE","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.01.036","article-title":"Depression in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"46","author":"van Os E","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01311724","article-title":"Increased incidence of hypothyroidism in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"28","author":"Elta GH","year":"1983","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0613-3","article-title":"Modafinil in the treatment of debilitating fatigue in primary biliary cirrhosis: a clinical experience","volume":"54","author":"Ian Gan S","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.04.017","article-title":"The effect of liver transplantation on fatigue in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: a prospective study","volume":"59","author":"Carbone M","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.2.265","article-title":"Hyperlipidaemic state and cardiovascular risk in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"51","author":"Longo M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21848","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of high-dose pravastatin in hypercholesterolemic patients with well-compensated chronic liver disease: results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial","volume":"46","author":"Lewis JH","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12191","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial assessing the effect of simvastatin in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"33","author":"Cash WJ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Liver Inter"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2011.03.007","article-title":"Management of osteoporosis in liver disease","volume":"35","author":"Gua\u00f1abens N","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20874","article-title":"Bone mineral density before and after OLT: Long-term follow-up and predictive factors","volume":"12","author":"Guichelaar M","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21805","article-title":"Fractures and avascular necrosis before and after orthotopic liver transplantation: Long-term follow-up and predictive factors","volume":"46","author":"Guichelaar M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)01062-X","article-title":"AGA Technical review on osteoporosis in hepatic disorders","volume":"125","author":"Leslie WD","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26466","article-title":"Randomized trial comparing monthly ibandronate and weekly alendronate for osteoporosis in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"58","author":"Gua\u00f1abens N","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-4-200602210-00005","article-title":"Zoledronic acid prevents bone loss after liver transplantation: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"144","author":"Crawford B","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Inter Med"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-008-9161-2","article-title":"Short term effects of high dose zoledronic acid treatment on bone mineralization density distribution after orthotopiv liver transplantiom","volume":"83","author":"Misof B","year":"2008","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31823f7f68","article-title":"Ibandronate and calcitriol reduces fracture risk, reverses bone loss, and normalizes bone turnover after ITX","volume":"93","author":"Wagner D","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2012.01.133","article-title":"Monthly ibandronate for the prevention of bone loss in patients after liver transplantation","volume":"44","author":"Kaemmerer D","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90692-3","article-title":"Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis: a study by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography","volume":"74","author":"Lam SK","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref217","first-page":"241","article-title":"Liver transplantation in patients with Caroli's disease and recurrent cholangitis","volume":"10","author":"Sans M","year":"1997","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S91","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20966","article-title":"Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) exception for bacterial cholangitis","volume":"12","author":"Gores GJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.22363","article-title":"Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Exceptions in the Context of the French Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Score-Based Liver Allocation System","volume":"17","author":"Francoz C","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(80)90131-6","article-title":"Clinicopathologic features of the syndrome of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"79","author":"Wiesner RH","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23587","article-title":"Risk of waitlist mortality in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and bacterial cholangitis","volume":"19","author":"Goldberg DS","year":"2013","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S128","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20979","article-title":"Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) exception guidelines: results and recommendations from the MELD Exception Study Group and Conference (MESSAGE) for the approval of patients who need liver transplantation with diseases not considered by the standard MELD formula","volume":"12","author":"Freeman RB Jr.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(76)80139-4","article-title":"Complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). A study of 10,000 cases","volume":"70","author":"Bilbao MK","year":"1976","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12232","article-title":"Randomised clinical trial: vancomycin or metronidazole in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis - a pilot study","volume":"37","author":"Tabibian JH","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2007.06.065","article-title":"Infection after ERCP, and antibiotic prophylaxis: a sequential quality-improvement approach over 11 years","volume":"67","author":"Cotton PB","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2008.02.068","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis for GI endoscopy","volume":"67","author":"Banerjee S","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1004085","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in gastrointestinal endoscopy: a report by a Working Party for the British Society of Gastroenterology Endoscopy Committee","volume":"29","author":"Mani V","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(95)70032-3","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis for gastrointestinal endoscopy. American Society for Gastrointestinal","volume":"42","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endoscopy Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200601000-00012","article-title":"The role of dominant stenoses in bacterial infections of bile ducts in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"18","author":"Pohl J","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1586\/egh.12.80","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis: a review and update on therapeutic developments","volume":"7","author":"Tabibian JH","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0b013e3181b7b8c0","article-title":"Antibiotics for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"18","author":"Elfaki DA","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"ref232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20457","article-title":"Metronidazole and ursodeoxycholic acid for primary sclerosing cholangitis: a randomized placebo-controlled tria","volume":"40","author":"Farkkila M","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3283554bbf","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma and dominant strictures in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a 25-year single-centre experience","volume":"24","author":"Chapman MH","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199803000-00014","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis: resect, dilate, or transplant?","volume":"227","author":"Ahrendt SA","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1994.01420340071012","article-title":"Surgical biliary drainage in primary sclerosing cholangitis. The role of the Hepp-Couinaud approach","volume":"129","author":"Myburgh JA","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"ref236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198805000-00016","article-title":"Resection of hepatic duct bifurcation and transhepatic stenting for sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"207","author":"Cameron JL","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2007.12.015","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis: role of extrahepatic biliary resection","volume":"206","author":"Pawlik TM","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.08.013","article-title":"High lifetime risk of cancer in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"50","author":"Claessen MMH","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1080\/003655202760373434","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis: risk factors and clinical presentation","volume":"37","author":"Boberg KM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand. J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00288-4","article-title":"Hepatic and extrahepatic malignancies in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"36","author":"Bergquist A","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2011.04.007","article-title":"Current consensus on the management of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"35","author":"Wiencke K","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"9935","key":"ref242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61903-0","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"383","author":"Razumilava N","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.04067.x","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"99","author":"Burak K","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24570","article-title":"Cancer surveillance in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"54","author":"Razumilava N","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22441","article-title":"Utility of serum tumor markers, imaging, and biliary cytology for detecting cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"48","author":"Charatcharoenwitthaya P","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-005-2927-8","article-title":"The value of serum CA 19-9 in predicting cholangiocarcinomas in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"50","author":"Levy C","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.11.019","article-title":"Gallbladder disease in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"48","author":"Said K","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.09.020","article-title":"Autoimmune liver disease, autoimmunity and liver transplantation","volume":"60","author":"Neuberger JM","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12581","article-title":"Review article: controversies in the management of primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"39","author":"Karlsen TH","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"21","key":"ref250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3388","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.3290","article-title":"Transplantation in autoimmune liver diseases","volume":"14","author":"Invernizzi P","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref251","first-page":"324","article-title":"Waiting list mortality of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis in the Japanese transplant allocation system","volume":"49","author":"Genda T","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)30838-5","article-title":"Predicting outcome in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"13","author":"Lammers WJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"ref253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2009.04.018","article-title":"Allocation priority in non-urgent liver transplantation: An overview of proposed scoring systems","volume":"41","author":"Gitto S","year":"2009","journal-title":"Digestive and Liver Disease"},{"key":"ref254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000176","article-title":"Predictive Scores in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: A Retrospective Single Center Analysis of 204 Patients","volume":"49","author":"Weinmann A","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.05.021","article-title":"Prognosis of acute severe autoimmune hepatitis (AS-AIH): The role of corticosteroids in modifying outcome","volume":"61","author":"Yeoman AD","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.06.030","article-title":"Acute autoimmune hepatitis: Many open questions. Editorial","volume":"61","author":"Weiler-Normann C","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.10.028","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis after liver transplantation","volume":"10","author":"Liberal R","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.06.052","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Advances in Diagnosis and Management","volume":"145","author":"Eaton J. E.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Arquivos de Gastroenterologia"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/ag\/v52s1\/0004-2803-ag-52-suppl-00015.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T20:35:59Z","timestamp":1654634159000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-28032015000500015&lng=en&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":258,"journal-issue":{"issue":"suppl 1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0004-28032015000500015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0004-28032015000500002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-2803"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-2803","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}}}