{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T03:01:47Z","timestamp":1784257307110,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"2b","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Persistent pain is a frequent health problem in the elderly. Its prevalence ranges from 45% to 80%. Chronic diseases, such as depression, cardiovascular disease, cancer and osteoporosis have a higher prevalence in aged individuals and increase the risk of developing chronic pain. The presence of pain is known to be associated with sleep disorders in these patients, as well as functional impairment, decreased sociability and greater use of the health system, with consequent increase in costs. Alzheimer's disease patients seem to have a normal pain discriminative capacity and they may probably have weaker emotional and affective experience of pain when compared to other types of dementia. Many patients have language deficits and thus cannot properly describe its characteristics. In more advanced cases, it becomes even difficult to determine whether pain is present or not. Therefore, the evaluation of these patients should be performed in a systematic way. There are three ways to measure the presence of pain: by direct questioning (self-report), by direct behavioral observation and by interviews with caregivers or informants. In recent years, many pain scales and questionnaires have been published and validated specifically for the elderly population. Some are specific to patients with cognitive decline, allowing pain evaluation to be conducted in a structured and reproducible way. The next step is to determine the type of painful syndrome and discuss the bases of the pharmacological management, the use of multiple medications and the presence of comorbidities demand the use of smaller doses and impose contra-indications against some drug classes. A multiprofessional approach is the rule in the management of these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-282x2011000300023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,26]],"date-time":"2011-05-26T07:54:14Z","timestamp":1306396454000},"page":"387-394","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The assessment and management of pain in the demented and non-demented elderly patient"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"D C","family":"Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil; Instituto do C\u00e2ncer do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo Octavio Frias de Oliveira,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J W V","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Uberl\u00e2ndia,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Caramelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Minas Gerais,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Alvarenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Galhardoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S R D","family":"Siqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil; University of S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L T","family":"Yeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M J","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"The world is fast ageing-have we noticed?: The time to plan and to act is now"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.10.016","article-title":"Non malignant daily pain and risk of disability among older adults in home care in Europe","volume":"129","author":"Soldato M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0167-6482","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"175","article-title":"Algias tor\u00e1cicas no idoso: Causas m\u00fasculo-esquel\u00e9ticas","volume":"5","author":"Gal LMP","year":"1986","journal-title":"Rev Bras Med Cardiol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.04.007","article-title":"The prevalence and management of current daily pain among older home care clients","volume":"138","author":"Maxwell 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