{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T06:16:25Z","timestamp":1762323385638,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There are few reports linking hyponatremia and visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar). This is a study of 55 consecutive kala-azar patients and 20 normal individuals as a control group. Hyponatremia and serum hypo-osmolality were detected in 100% of kala-azar patients. High first morning urine osmolality (750.0 \u00b1 52.0 vs. 894.5 \u00b1 30.0mOsm\/kg H2O, p &lt; 0.05), and high 24-hour urine osmolality (426.0 \u00b1 167.0 vs. 514.6 \u00b1 132.0 mOsm\/kg H2O, p &lt; 0.05) demonstrated persistent antidiuretic hormone secretion. Urinary sodium was high (82.3 \u00b1 44.2 vs.110.3 \u00b1 34.7 mEq\/L, p &lt; 0.05). Low seric uric acid occurred in 61.8% of patients and increased fractional urinary uric acid excretion was detected in 74.5% of them. Increased glomerular filtration rate was present in 25.4% of patients. There was no evidence of extracellular volume depletion. Normal plasma ADH levels were observed in kala-azar patients. No endocrine or renal dysfunction was detected. It is possible that most hyponatremic kala-azar patients present the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s0036-46652010000500006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,28]],"date-time":"2010-10-28T02:52:57Z","timestamp":1288234377000},"page":"253-258","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Hyponatremia in visceral leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Frederico A. Lima","family":"Verde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nefrologia do Cear\u00e1, Brasil; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco A.A. Lima","family":"Verde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nefrologia do Cear\u00e1, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco Jos\u00e9 V.","family":"Veronese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Augusto","family":"S. Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nefrologia do Cear\u00e1, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Galdino","family":"Fuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nefrologia do Cear\u00e1, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emir M. Lima","family":"Verde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nefrologia do Cear\u00e1, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(01)90005-8","article-title":"Normouricemia in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion","volume":"37","author":"Akalin E","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0272-6386","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.39.3.400","article-title":"The effect of severe protein calorie malnutrition on the renal function of Jamaican children","volume":"39","author":"Alleyne GAO","year":"1967","journal-title":"Pediatrics","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0031-4005","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.01.017","article-title":"Elevated levels of interferon-g, interleukin-10 and interleukin-6 during active disease in Indian kala-azar","volume":"119","author":"Ansari NA","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Tratado de infectologia","first-page":"1563","volume-title":"Leishmaniose visceral","author":"Badar\u00f3 R","year":"2007","edition":"3"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(67)90096-4","article-title":"The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone","volume":"42","author":"Bartter FC","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am J Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-9343","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(03)00139-0","article-title":"The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion","volume":"35","author":"Baylis PH","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1357-2725","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197909063011005","article-title":"Hypouricemia in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone","volume":"301","author":"Beck LH","year":"1979","journal-title":"N Engl J Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-4793","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"The kidney","first-page":"491","volume-title":"Disorders of water balance","author":"Berl T","year":"2007","edition":"8"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nitric oxide production by Leishmania-infected macrophages and modulation by cytoquines and prostaglandins","volume":"43","author":"Brandonisio O","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parassitologia","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0048-2951","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/165.3.535","article-title":"Immunological markers of clinical evolution in children recently infected with Leishmania donovani chagasi","volume":"165","author":"Carvalho EM","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Infect Dis","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-1899","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Harrisson's principles of internal medicine","first-page":"7118","volume-title":"Disorders of adrenal cortex","author":"Dluhy AS","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(89)90712-8","article-title":"Interstitial pneumonitis in human visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"83","author":"Duarte MIS","year":"1989","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0035-9203","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(83)90131-1","article-title":"Interstitial nephritis in human kala-azar","volume":"77","author":"Duarte MIS","year":"1983","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0035-9203","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2003.16.1.49","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and interleukin-6 activity in children with head trauma and syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone","volume":"16","author":"Gionis D","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Fluid, electrolyte and acid-base physiology","first-page":"227","author":"Halperin ML","year":"1999","edition":"3"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2006.03.078","article-title":"A rare case of combine syndrome of innapropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and Fanconi syndrome in an elderly woman","volume":"48","author":"Ishii T","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0272-6386","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(67)90136-8","article-title":"The mechanism of anaemia in kala-azar: a study of 2 patients","volume":"61","author":"Knight R","year":"1967","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0035-9203","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.2310\/6650.2007.06027","article-title":"Uric acid homeostasis in the evaluation of diuretic-induced hyponatremia","volume":"55","author":"Liamis G","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Invest Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP71492","article-title":"Renal tubular dysfunction in human visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar)","volume":"71","author":"Lima Verde FAA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0301-0430","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"430","article-title":"Evaluation of renal function in human visceral leishmaniasis ( Kala-azar): a prospectivetive study on 50 patients from Brazil","volume":"20","author":"Lima Verde FAA","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nephol"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"172","article-title":"Dist\u00farbios \u00e1cido-base na leishmaniose visceral","volume":"30","author":"Lima Verde FA","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bras Nefrol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0101-2800","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"934","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and stimulation of systemic vasopressin secretion by recombinant Interleukin-6 in humans: potential implications for the syndrome of inappropriate vasopressin secretion","volume":"79","author":"Mastorakos G","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V13.6.524.524","article-title":"Observations on the anemia of criptogenetic splenomegaly: II. Expansion of the plasma volume","volume":"13","author":"Mc Fadzean AJS","year":"1958","journal-title":"Blood","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0006-4971","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1988.167","article-title":"Plasma protein concentration and colloid osmotic pressure in nephrotic rats","volume":"34","author":"Miller PL","year":"1988","journal-title":"Kidney Int","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0085-2538","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199808000-00008","article-title":"Pediatric visceral leishmaniasis in Southern France","volume":"17","author":"Minodier P","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0891-3668","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"897","article-title":"Colloid osmotic pressure: its measurement and clinical value","volume":"116","author":"Morissette MP","year":"1977","journal-title":"Can Med Ass J"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90510-X","article-title":"Jejunal function and pathology in visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"2","author":"Muigai R","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0099-5355","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/80.2.170","article-title":"Correlation of standardized serum protein determinations with calculated and measured colloid osmotic pressure","volume":"80","author":"Mullins RE","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Clin Path"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.37.792","article-title":"Hyponatremia in a patient in a chronic inflammatory disease","volume":"37","author":"Murakami T","year":"1998","journal-title":"Intern Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0918-2918","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(70)80048-1","article-title":"Sodium, potassium and water metabolism in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion","volume":"49","author":"Nolph KD","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-9343","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1986.11812022","article-title":"Mechanism of anemia in resistant visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"80","author":"Pippard MJ","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-4983","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(95)90144-2","article-title":"Interleukin 6 during active visceral leishmaniasis and after treatment","volume":"77","author":"Poll T","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0090-1229","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.134.1.556","article-title":"Arachidonic acid metabolism by murine peritoneal macrophages infected with Leishmania donovani: in vitro evidence for parasite-induced alterations in ciclooxigenase and lypooxygenase pathways","volume":"134","author":"Reiner NE","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-1767","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1988.38.59","article-title":"Eicosanoid metabolism by Leishmania donovani-infected macrophages: mouse strain response in prostanoid synthesis","volume":"38","author":"Reiner NE","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-9637","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1159\/000058416","article-title":"Multiple metabolic abnormalities in a patient with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis","volume":"91","author":"Rizos E","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nephron","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-2766","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"185","article-title":"Five pneumonia cases associated with visceral leishmaniasis in Turkey","volume":"18","author":"Totan M","year":"2003","journal-title":"Intern Pediatr"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-53-4-867","article-title":"Hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism in the critically ill: a new entity","volume":"53","author":"Zipser RD","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-972X","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S\u00e3o Paulo"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/rimtsp\/v52n5\/a06v52n5.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T10:24:33Z","timestamp":1740651873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0036-46652010000500006&lng=en&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0036-46652010000500006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0036-46652010000500006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-4665"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"0036-4665"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]}}}