{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T10:45:55Z","timestamp":1788691555178,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Ministry of Health's National Human Rabies Control Program advocates pre-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for professionals involved with animals that are at risk of contracting rabies. We report an antemortem and postmortem diagnosis of rabies in a veterinarian who became infected when handling herbivores with rabies. The antemortem diagnosis was carried out with a saliva sample and a biopsy of hair follicles using molecular biology techniques, while the postmortem diagnosis used a brain sample and conventional techniques. The veterinarian had collected samples to diagnose rabies in suspect herbivores (bovines and caprines) that were subsequently confirmed to be positive in laboratory tests. After onset of classic rabies symptoms, saliva and hair follicles were collected and used for antemortem diagnostic tests and found to be positive by RT-PCR. Genetic sequencing showed that the infection was caused by variant 3 (Desmodus rotundus), a finding confirmed by tests on the brain sample. It is essential that professionals who are at risk of infection by the rabies virus undergo pre-exposure prophylaxis. This study also confirms that molecular biology techniques were used successfully for antemortem diagnosis and therefore not only allow therapeutic methods to be developed, but also enable the source of infection in human rabies cases to be identified accurately and quickly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s0036-46652011000100007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,31]],"date-time":"2011-03-31T12:56:25Z","timestamp":1301576185000},"page":"39-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Antemortem diagnosis of human rabies in a veterinarian infected when handling a herbivore in Minas Gerais, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Mariana Gontijo de","family":"Brito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SES Health Surveillance Department,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talita Leal","family":"Chamone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SES Health Surveillance Department,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Jos\u00e9 da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Del Rei Regional Department of Health,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Yohito","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Surveillance,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre Braga de","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eduardo de Menezes Hospital,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana Galera","family":"Castilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pasteur Institute of S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luiza","family":"Carrieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pasteur Institute of S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivanete","family":"Kotait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pasteur Institute of S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Leopoldo","family":"Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SES Health Surveillance Department,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-09352008000400010","article-title":"Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o espacial e temporal da raiva canina e felina em Minas Gerais, 2000 a 2006","volume":"60","author":"Barbosa AD","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arq Bras Med Vet Zoot"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"A\u00e7\u00f5es de controle da raiva canina e felina no estado de Minas Gerais, 1999-2002","volume":"6","author":"Brito MG","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bol Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2006.07.005","article-title":"Laboratory diagnosis of equine rabies and its implications for human postexposure prophylaxis","volume":"138","author":"Carrieri ML","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol Methods."},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Laboratory techniques in rabies","first-page":"88","volume-title":"The fluorescent antibody test","author":"Dean DJ","year":"1996","edition":"4"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(00)00187-2","article-title":"Virus isolation from saliva and salivary glands of cattle naturally infected with paralytic rabies","volume":"48","author":"Delpietro HA","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med."},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"153","article-title":"Antigenic analysis of rabies-virus isolates from Latin American and the Caribbean.","volume":"41","author":"Diaz AM","year":"1994","journal-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed B."},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"95","article-title":"Bioedit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/nt","volume":"41","author":"Hall TA","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucl Acids Symp Ser."},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Mega 2: molecular evolutionary genetic analysis software","author":"Kumar S","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Laboratory techniques in rabies","first-page":"80","volume-title":"The mouse inoculation test","author":"Koprowski H","year":"1996","edition":"4"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-86702006000500008","article-title":"Diagnosis of human rabies cases by Polymerase Chain Reaction of neck-skin samples","volume":"10","author":"Macedo CI","year":"2006","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Guia de vigil\u00e2ncia epidemiol\u00f3gica","volume":"2","year":"2002","edition":"5"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"385","article-title":"Protocolo para tratamento de raiva humana no Brasil","volume":"18","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiol Serv Sa\u00fade."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00287-6","article-title":"Rabies re-examined","volume":"6","author":"Rupprecht CE","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2007000900013","article-title":"Current status of human rabies transmitted by dogs in Latin America","volume":"23","author":"Schneider MC","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050382","article-title":"Survival after treatment of rabies with induction of coma","volume":"352","author":"Willoughby RE","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies","volume":"931","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S\u00e3o Paulo"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/rimtsp\/v53n1\/v53n1a07.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,26]],"date-time":"2017-05-26T20:24:58Z","timestamp":1495830298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0036-46652011000100007&lng=en&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0036-46652011000100007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0036-46652011000100007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-4665"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-4665","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}}}