{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T06:48:37Z","timestamp":1767422917025},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In Amazonian Brazil, the Cebus apella monkey (Primates: Cebidae) has been associated with the enzootic cycle of Leishmania (V.) shawi, a dermotropic parasite causing American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). It has also been successfully used as animal model for studying cutaneous leishmaniasis. In this work, there has been investigated its susceptibility to experimental Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi-infection, the etiologic agent of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). There were used ten C. apella specimens, eight adult and two young, four males and six females, all born and raised in captivity. Two experimental infection protocols were performed: i) six monkeys were inoculated, intra-dermal via (ID), into the base of the tail with 2 x 10(6) promastigotes forms from the stationary phase culture medium; ii) other four monkeys were inoculated with 3 x 10(7) amastigotes forms from the visceral infection of infected hamsters by two different via: a) two by intravenous via (IV) and, b) other two by intra-peritoneal via (IP). The parameters of infection evaluation included: a) clinical: physical exam of abdomen, weigh and body temperature; b) parasitological: needle aspiration of the bone-marrow for searching of amastigotes (Giemsa-stained smears) and promastigotes forms (culture medium); c) immunological: Indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and, Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). In the six monkeys ID inoculated (promastigotes forms) all parameters of infection evaluation were negative during the 12 months period of follow-up. Among the four monkeys inoculated with amastigotes forms, two IV inoculated showed the parasite in the bone-marrow from the first toward to the sixth month p.i. and following that they cleared the infection, whereas the other two IP inoculated were totally negative. These four monkeys showed specific IgG-antibody response since the third month p.i. (IP: 1\/80 and IV: 1\/320 IgG) toward to the 12th month (IP: 1\/160 and IV: 1\/5120). The DTH-conversion occurred in only one IV inoculated monkey with a strong (30 mm) skin reaction. Considering these results, we do not encourage the use of C. apella monkey as animal model for studying the AVL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s0036-46652011000100008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,31]],"date-time":"2011-03-31T12:56:25Z","timestamp":1301576185000},"page":"45-50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Susceptibility of Cebus apella monkey (Primates: Cebidae) to experimental Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi-infection"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Liliane Almeida","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando Tobias","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade,  Brasil; Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marliane Batista","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria do Carmo de Oliveira","family":"Br\u00edgido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia Maria C.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos E.P.","family":"Corbett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia D.","family":"Laurenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"63","article-title":"The Indian langur: preliminary report of a new nonhuman primate host for visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"70","author":"Anuradha PR","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Bioestat 4.0: aplica\u00e7\u00f5es estat\u00edsticas nas \u00e1reas das ci\u00eancias biol\u00f3gicas e m\u00e9dicas","author":"Ayres M","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"37","article-title":"Comparative susceptibility of African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) to experimental infection with Leishmania (L.) donovani and Leishmania (L.) infantum","volume":"43","author":"Binhazim AA","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0023-6764","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588602300310","article-title":"Experimental visceral leishmaniasis in the owl monkey","volume":"23","author":"Broderson JR","year":"1986","journal-title":"Vet Pathol","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0300-9858","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.2307\/3280460","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciurea)","volume":"67","author":"Chapman WL Jr","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Parasitol","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-3395","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1995.tb03554.x","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in vervet monkeys: immunological responses during asymptomatic infections","volume":"41","author":"Gicheru MM","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0300-9475","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.134.21.559-b","article-title":"Anesthesia of capuchin monkeys","volume":"134","author":"King A","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet Rec."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1989643200","article-title":"Leishmania (Viannia) shawi sp. n., a parasite from monkeys, sloths and procyonids in Amazonian Brazil","volume":"64","author":"Lainson R","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Parasitol Hum Comp","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-4150","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Topley & Wilson's Microbioly and microbial infections","first-page":"313","volume-title":"Leishmaniasis in the New World","volume":"5","author":"Lainson R","year":"2005","edition":"10"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"147","article-title":"Comparison of the reactivity between antigens of Leishmania (L.) chagasi, L. 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