{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T01:22:30Z","timestamp":1789435350336,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"Several researchers have stated that parasites can alter the behavior of their hosts, in order to increase the transmission rate, principally when prey-predator relationships are a reliable way of infection transmission. The aim of this study was to verify the occurrence of changes in anxiety and short-term memory patterns in experimentally infected Mus musculus by Toxocara canis and\/or Toxoplasma gondii. Forty male Mus musculus (Balb\/c) eight-week-old were divided into four groups of 10 mice each. One group was infected with 300 eggs of Toxocara canis; a second group was submitted to infection with 10 cysts of Toxoplasma gondii; a third group was concomitantly infected with both parasites with the same inoculums and the last group was maintained without infection. The anxiety levels were evaluated using an elevated plus maze and an actometer; the short-term memory was determined by a two-way active avoidance equipment. The determination of anxiety levels were conducted 40 and 70 days after infection and the short-term memory was evaluated 140 days after infection. Mice chronically infected by Toxoplasma gondii showed impaired learning and short-term memory, but no significant differences were found in mice infected by Toxocara canis or concomitantly infected by Toxocara canis and Toxoplasma gondii when compared to non infected mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s0036-46652014000400014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,28]],"date-time":"2014-07-28T13:22:31Z","timestamp":1406553751000},"page":"353-356","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["BEHAVIORAL AND MEMORY CHANGES IN Mus musculus COINFECTED BY Toxocara canis AND Toxoplasma gondii"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Fl\u00e1via Motta","family":"Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas da Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Paulo","family":"Chieffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas da Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S\u00e3o Paulo (LIM-06), Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana A. Zevallos","family":"Lescano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas da Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S\u00e3o Paulo (LIM-06), Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio Vieira dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas da Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S\u00e3o Paulo (LIM-06), Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1139\/z00-096","article-title":"The effects of parasitism on the octopaminergic system of Manduca sexta<\/em>: a possible mechanism underlying host behavioral change","volume":"78","author":"Adamo SA","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1159\/000067790","article-title":"Modulating the modulators: parasites, neuromodulators and host behavioral change","volume":"60","author":"Adamo SA","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Bahav Evol"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Parasitism and host behaviour","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Parasitic relationships","author":"Barnard CJ","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1182","article-title":"Fatal attraction in rats infected with Toxoplasma gondii<\/em>","volume":"267","author":"Berdoy M","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2005.3213","article-title":"Behavioural manipulation in a grasshopper harbouring hairworm: a proteomics approach","volume":"272","author":"Biron DG","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(71)90155-6","article-title":"The distribution of Toxocara canis<\/em> larvae in the central nervous system of the mouse","volume":"65","author":"Burren CH","year":"1971","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1080\/15287398209530281","article-title":"Behavioral changes in mice infected with Toxocara canis<\/em>","volume":"10","author":"Burright RG","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652009000200003","article-title":"Muscular strength decrease in Rattus norvegicus<\/em> experimentally infected by Toxocara canis<\/em>","volume":"51","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652010000500004","article-title":"Behavioral change in Rattus norvegicus<\/em> experimentally infected by Toxocara canis<\/em> larvae","volume":"52","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652009000600001","article-title":"Human toxocariasis: contribution by Brazilian researchers","volume":"51","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1079\/JOH200028","article-title":"Relationship between three intensity levels of Toxocara canis<\/em> larvae in the brain effects on exploration, anxiety, learning and memory in the murine host. 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