{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:57:08Z","timestamp":1792195028958,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The situation of rabies in America is complex: rabies in dogs has decreased dramatically, but bats are increasingly recognized as natural reservoirs of other rabies variants. Here, bat species known to be rabies-positive with different antigenic variants, are summarized in relation to bat conservation status across Latin America. Rabies virus is widespread in Latin American bat species, 22.5%75 of bat species have been confirmed as rabies-positive. Most bat species found rabies positive are classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as \u201cLeast Concern\u201d. According to diet type, insectivorous bats had the most species known as rabies reservoirs, while in proportion hematophagous bats were the most important. Research at coarse spatial scales must strive to understand rabies ecology; basic information on distribution and population dynamics of many Latin American and Caribbean bat species is needed; and detailed information on effects of landscape change in driving bat-borne rabies outbreaks remains unassessed. Finally, integrated approaches including public health, ecology, and conservation biology are needed to understand and prevent emergent diseases in bats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s0036-46652015000100009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,28]],"date-time":"2015-01-28T19:36:17Z","timestamp":1422473777000},"page":"63-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["BAT-BORNE RABIES IN LATIN AMERICA"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Luis","family":"E. Escobar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Andres Bello, Chile; State University of New York Upstate Medical University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Townsend","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Favi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica de Chile, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Yung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica de Chile, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Medina-Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Andres Bello, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"411","article-title":"Epidemiolog\u00eda de la rabia bovina paral\u00edtica transmitida por los quir\u00f3pteros","volume":"64","author":"Acha P","year":"1968","journal-title":"Bol Oficina Sanit Panam"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-38.3.539","article-title":"Vaccination of vampire bats using recombinant vaccinia-rabies virus","volume":"38","author":"Aguilar-Seti\u00e9n A","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"19","article-title":"Control of bovine paralytic rabies in Latin America and the Caribbean","volume":"76","author":"Arellano-Sota C","year":"1993","journal-title":"World Anim Rev"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0906.020632","article-title":"Human rabies: a reemerging disease in Costa Rica?","volume":"9","author":"Badilla X","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"219","article-title":"An outbreak of vampire bat bite in Brazilian village","volume":"44","author":"Batista-da-Costa M","year":"1993","journal-title":"Trop Med Parasitol"},{"issue":"(51)","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20837","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1308817110","article-title":"Resolving the roles of immunity, pathogenesis, and immigration for rabies persistence in vampire bats","volume":"110","author":"Blackwood JC","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"775","article-title":"Transmission of rabies by bats in Latin America","volume":"10","author":"Carneiro V","year":"1954","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"7","article-title":"Rabia en murci\u00e9lagos frug\u00edvoros e insect\u00edvoros, Villa Florida, Misiones, Paraguay 2006","volume":"3","author":"Carrera N","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop (Asunci\u00f3n, Paraguay)"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Rabies.","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Epidemiology","author":"Childs JE","year":"2007","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2004.10.013","article-title":"Antigenic and molecular characterization of rabies virus in Argentina","volume":"109","author":"Cisterna D","year":"2005","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1909.130083","article-title":"Enzootic and epizootic rabies associated with vampire bats, Peru","volume":"19","author":"Condori-Condori RE","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"68","author":"Constantine DG","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2307\/4588694","article-title":"Bat rabies","volume":"69","author":"Courter RD","year":"1954","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1208.050929","article-title":"Bat-transmitted human rabies outbreaks, Brazilian Amazon","volume":"12","author":"Da Rosa ES","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-45.4.1169","article-title":"Observations of sylvatic rabies in Northern Argentina during outbreaks of paralytic cattle rabies transmitted by vampire bats (<em>Desmodus rotundus<\/em>)","volume":"45","author":"Delpietro HA","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.6.1553-1558.1996","article-title":"Genetic characterization of rabies field isolates from Venezuela","volume":"34","author":"De Mattos CA","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.587","article-title":"Molecular characterization of rabies virus isolates from Mexico: implications for transmission dynamics and human risk","volume":"61","author":"De Mattos CC","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2008.08.007","article-title":"Adaptive modeling of viral diseases in bats with a focus on rabies","volume":"255","author":"Dimitrov DT","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12019","article-title":"Multidisciplinary approach to epizootiology and pathogenesis of bat rabies viruses in the United States","volume":"60","author":"Ellison JA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"157","article-title":"Rol de los murci\u00e9lagos insect\u00edvoros en la transmisi\u00f3n de la rabia en Chile","volume":"31","author":"Favi M","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Med Vet"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0801.010108","article-title":"First case of human rabies in Chile caused by an insectivorous bat virus variant","volume":"8","author":"Favi M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2003.08.014","article-title":"Characterization of rabies virus isolates in Bolivia","volume":"97","author":"Favi M","year":"2003","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Radiograf\u00eda a los murcielagos de Chile","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Rabia en murci\u00e9lagos de Chile","author":"Favi M","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716-10182008000200015","article-title":"Rabies in Chile: 1989-2005","volume":"25","author":"Favi M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Chilena Infectol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716-10182011000300004","article-title":"Descripci\u00f3n epidemiol\u00f3gica del reservorio de rabia en murci\u00e9lagos de la Regi\u00f3n Metropolitana, Chile 2000-2009","volume":"28","author":"Favi M","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Chilena Infectol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652002000200007","article-title":"Antigenic typing of Brazilian rabies virus samples isolated from animals and humans, 1989-2000","volume":"44","author":"Favoretto SR","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2010.07.012","article-title":"Human rabies transmitted by vampire bats: antigenic and genetic characterization of rabies virus isolates from the Amazon region (Brazil and Ecuador)","volume":"153","author":"Galera Castilho J","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10208","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1010875108","article-title":"Host and viral ecology determine bat rabies seasonality and maintenance","volume":"108","author":"George DB","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2002.121521","article-title":"Cryptogenic rabies, bats, and the question of aerosol transmission","volume":"39","author":"Gibbons RV","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-013-0856-0","article-title":"Deciphering serology to understand the ecology of infectious diseases in wildlife","volume":"10","author":"Gilbert AT","year":"2013","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"187","article-title":"A review of the bats of Trinidad and Tobago: descriptions, rabies infection, and ecology","volume":"122","author":"Goodwin GG","year":"1961","journal-title":"Bull Am Mus Nat Hist"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.12.013","article-title":"Antigenic and genetic characterization of rabies virus isolates from Uruguay","volume":"173","author":"Guarino H","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"987","article-title":"Aislamiento de virus r\u00e1bico en gl\u00e1ndulas salivales de murci\u00e9lagos insect\u00edvoros","volume":"28","author":"Gury-Dohmen F","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12000","article-title":"Ecology of zoonotic infectious diseases in bats: current knowledge and future directions","volume":"60","author":"Hayman DT","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-3-288","article-title":"Epidemiology of vampire bat-transmitted rabies virus in Goi\u00e1s, central Brazil: re-evaluation based on G-L intergenic region","volume":"3","author":"Hirano S","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"ref36","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"360","article-title":"Re-evaluating the burden of rabies in Africa and Asia","volume":"83","author":"Knobel DL","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-007-1033-y","article-title":"Genetic diversity of bat rabies viruses in Brazil","volume":"152","author":"Kobayashi Y","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.2307\/1934408","article-title":"Feeding ecology of a temperate insectivorous bat (<em>Myotis velifer<\/em>)","volume":"55","author":"Kunz TH","year":"1974","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1139\/z83-177","article-title":"An evaluation of fecal analysis for determining food habits of insectivorous bats","volume":"61","author":"Kunz TH","year":"1983","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"key":"ref41","series-title":"Walker's bats of the world","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Bats of the world: an introduction","author":"Kunz TH","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06004.x","article-title":"Ecosystem services provided by bats","volume":"1223","author":"Kunz TH","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref43","series-title":"Rabies.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012369366-2\/50008-7","volume-title":"Bat rabies","author":"Kuzmin IV","year":"2007","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bats, emerging infectious diseases, and the rabies paradigm revisited","volume":"4","author":"Kuzmin IV","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Health Threats J"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002786","article-title":"Molecular inferences suggest multiple host shifts of rabies viruses from bats to mesocarnivores in Arizona during 2001-2009","volume":"8","author":"Kuzmin IV","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-013-0952-9","article-title":"A reassessment of the evolutionary timescale of bat rabies viruses based upon glycoprotein gene sequences","volume":"47","author":"Kuzmina NA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Present and potential future distribution of common vampire bats in the Americas and the associated risk to cattle","volume":"7","author":"Lee DN","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1208.051526","article-title":"Bat-associated rabies virus in skunks","volume":"12","author":"Leslie MJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90088-K","article-title":"Outbreak of human rabies in the Peruvian jungle","volume":"339","author":"L\u00f3pez A","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880500405X","article-title":"Detection of multiple strains of rabies virus RNA using primers designed to target Mexican vampire bat variants","volume":"133","author":"Loza-Rubio E","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1989.40.320","article-title":"Human depredation by vampire bats (<em>Desmodus rotundus<\/em>) following a hog cholera campaign","volume":"40","author":"McCarthy TJ","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"First human rabies case in French Guiana, 2008: epidemiological investigation and control","volume":"6","author":"Meynard J-B","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v29i2.21","article-title":"Referencia: Badillo R, Mantilla JC, Pradilla G. Encefalitis r\u00e1bica humana por mordedura de murci\u00e9lago en un \u00e1rea urbana de Colombia","volume":"29","author":"Morales Alarc\u00f3n A","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biom\u00e9dica"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806006297","article-title":"A molecular epidemiological study of rabies in Cuba","volume":"134","author":"Nadin-Davis SA","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref55","series-title":"Rabies.","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Molecular epidemiology","author":"Nadin-Davis SA","year":"2007","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1965.14.295","article-title":"An outbreak of rabies in man in British Guiana","volume":"14","author":"Nehuaul BB","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"40","article-title":"Vigilancia epidemiol\u00f3gica de la rabia en las Americas","author":"Organizaci\u00f3n Panamericana de la Salud","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rio de Janeiro: PANAFTOSA-OPS\/OMS"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"42","article-title":"Vigilancia epidemiol\u00f3gica de la rabia en las Americas","author":"Organizaci\u00f3n Panamericana de la Salud","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rio de Janeiro: PANAFTOSA-OPS\/OMS"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"39","article-title":"Vigilancia epidemiol\u00f3gica de la rabia en las Americas","author":"Organizaci\u00f3n Panamericana de la Salud","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rio de Janeiro: PANAFTOSA-OPS\/OMS"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"40","article-title":"Vigilancia epidemiol\u00f3gica de la rabia en las Americas","author":"Organizaci\u00f3n Panamericana de la Salud","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rio de Janeiro: PANAFTOSA-OPS\/OMS"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"40","article-title":"Vigilancia epidemiol\u00f3gica de la rabia en las Americas","author":"Organizaci\u00f3n Panamericana de la Salud","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rio de Janeiro: PANAFTOSA-OPS\/OMS"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"58","article-title":"Rep\u00fablica Dominicana: elimination of dog-transmitted rabies in Latin America: situation analysis","author":"Organizaci\u00f3n Panamericana de la Salud","year":"2004","journal-title":"Washington: OPS"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"1","article-title":"Plan de acci\u00f3n para la prevenci\u00f3n y el control de la rabia en las Am\u00e9ricas 2005-2009","author":"Organizaci\u00f3n Panamericana de la Salud","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rio de Janeiro: PANAFTOSA-OPS\/OMS"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"6","article-title":"Paraguay: conclusiones de la REDIPRA 13 para evitar la rabia en las Am\u00e9ricas. XIII Reuni\u00f3n de Directores de los Programas Nacionales de Control de la Rabia en Am\u00e9rica Latina","author":"Organizaci\u00f3n Panamericana de la Salud","year":"2010","journal-title":"Buenos Aires, Argentina"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.18899-0","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of rabies epizootics in Colombia: evidence for human and dog rabies associated with bats","volume":"84","author":"P\u00e1ez A","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805003699","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of rabies in northern Colombia 1994-2003. Evidence for human and fox rabies associated with dogs","volume":"133","author":"P\u00e1ez A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2007.06.008","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of rabies in Colombia 1994-2005 based on partial nucleoprotein gene sequences","volume":"130","author":"P\u00e1ez A","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1590\/S0124-00642009000600009","article-title":"Brote de rabia humana transmitida por gato en el municipio de Santander de Quilichao, Colombia, 2008","volume":"11","author":"P\u00e1ez A","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Salud Publica (Bogota)"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001635","article-title":"High diversity of rabies viruses associated with insectivorous bats in Argentina: presence of several independent enzootics","volume":"6","author":"Pi\u00f1ero C","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-011-1146-1","article-title":"Rabies in southeast Brazil: a change in the epidemiological pattern","volume":"157","author":"Queiroz LH","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"ref71","series-title":"Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing [Internet]","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2012.01533.x","article-title":"Bat rabies, public health and European bat conservation","volume":"60","author":"Racey PA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00287-6","article-title":"Rabies re-examined","volume":"2","author":"Rupprecht CE","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000451","article-title":"Bats, emerging diseases, and the human interface","volume":"3","author":"Rupprecht CE","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1508.081522","article-title":"Human rabies and rabies in vampire and nonvampire bat species, Southeastern Peru, 2007","volume":"15","author":"Salm\u00f3n-Mulanovich G","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2005.01.023","article-title":"Studies on antigenic and genomic properties of Brazilian rabies virus isolates","volume":"107","author":"Schaefer R","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2001000600025","article-title":"Common vampire bat attacks on humans in a village of the Amazon region of Brazil","volume":"17","author":"Schneider MC","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref78","first-page":"2","article-title":"Epidemiologic situation of human rabies in Latin America in 2004","volume":"26","author":"Schneider MC","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epidemiol Bull"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2007000900013","article-title":"Current status of human rabies transmitted by dogs in Latin America","volume":"23","author":"Schneider MC","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49892009000300010","article-title":"Rabies transmitted by vampire bats to humans: an emerging zoonotic disease in Latin America?","volume":"25","author":"Schneider MC","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-37.3.582","article-title":"Survey of bat populations from Mexico and Paraguay for rabies","volume":"37","author":"Sheeler-Gordon LL","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652010000200003","article-title":"Updated list of bat species positive for rabies in Brazil","volume":"52","author":"Sodr\u00e9 MM","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188836","article-title":"Host phylogeny constrains cross-species emergence and establishment of rabies virus in bats","volume":"329","author":"Streicker DG","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19715","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1203456109","article-title":"Variable evolutionary routes to host establishment across repeated rabies virus host shifts among bats","volume":"109","author":"Streicker DG","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002720","article-title":"Rates of viral evolution are linked to host geography in bat rabies","volume":"8","author":"Streicker DG","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3384","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.0538","article-title":"Ecological and anthropogenic drivers of rabies exposure in vampire bats: implications for transmission and control","volume":"279","author":"Streicker DG","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc R Soc London B"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.020073-0","article-title":"Host immunity to repeated rabies virus infection in big brown bats","volume":"91","author":"Turmelle AS","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v26i3.357","article-title":"Brotes de rabia humana transmitida por vampiros en los municipios de Bajo y Alto Baud\u00f3, departamento del Choc\u00f3, Colombia 2004-2005","volume":"26","author":"Valderrama J","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomedica"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.3.951-958.2002","article-title":"Antigenic diversity and distribution of rabies virus in Mexico","volume":"40","author":"Velasco-Villa A","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.5.1697-1710.2006","article-title":"Molecular diversity of rabies viruses associated with bats in Mexico and other countries of the Americas","volume":"44","author":"Velasco-Villa A","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.502","article-title":"Laboratory investigation of human deaths from vampire bat rabies in Peru","volume":"60","author":"Warner CK","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-002-0894-3","article-title":"Genetic and antigenic typing of rabies virus in Chile","volume":"147","author":"Yung V","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812000520","article-title":"Typing of the rabies virus in Chile, 2002-2008","volume":"140","author":"Yung V","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"}],"container-title":["Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S\u00e3o Paulo"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/rimtsp\/v57n1\/0036-4665-rimtsp-57-01-63.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]],"date-time":"2020-08-29T12:10:56Z","timestamp":1598703056000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0036-46652015000100063&lng=en&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0036-46652015000100063"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0036-46652015000100009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-4665"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-4665","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}}}