{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T15:53:47Z","timestamp":1793721227054,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"suppl 19","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>SUMMARYTherapy of coccidioidomycosis continues to evolve. For primary pulmonary disease, antifungal therapy is frequently not required while prolonged courses of antifungals are generally needed for those in whom extrathoracic disseminated has occurred. Intravenous amphotericin B should be reserved for those with severe disease. Oral triazole antifungals have had a great impact on the management of coccidioidomycosis. Both fluconazole and itraconazole at 400 mg daily have been effective for various forms of coccidioidomycosis, including meningitis, although relapse after therapy is discontinued is a problem. Individuals with suppressed cellular immunity are at increased risk for symptomatic coccidioidomycosis and they include those with HIV infection, those on immunosuppressive medications, and those who have received a solid organ transplant. Pregnant women and African-American men have been identified as two other groups who are at an increased risk for symptomatic and severe infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s0036-46652015000700010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,10]],"date-time":"2015-10-10T21:17:28Z","timestamp":1444511848000},"page":"51-56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["THE TREATMENT OF COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Neil M.","family":"AMPEL","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arizona,  USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1365-280X.1999.00227.x","article-title":"Delayed-type hypersensitivity,in vitroT-cell responsiveness and risk of active coccidioidomycosis among HIV-infected patients living in the coccidioidal endemic area","volume":"37","author":"Ampel NM","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1406.032","article-title":"The complex immunology of human coccidioidomycosis","volume":"1111","author":"Ampel NM","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90054-S","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis during human immunodeficiency virus infection: results of a prospective study in a coccidioidal endemic area","volume":"94","author":"Ampel NM","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1086\/595687","article-title":"Factors and outcomes associated with the decision to treat primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis","volume":"48","author":"Ampel NM","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"312","article-title":"Fungemia due toCoccidioides immitis","volume":"65","author":"Ampel NM","year":"1986","journal-title":"An analysis of 16 episodes in 15 patients and a review of the literature. 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