{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T07:41:53Z","timestamp":1771573313559,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) was the first human retrovirus identified. The virus is transmitted through sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, sharing of contaminated needles or syringes and from mother to child, mainly through breastfeeding. In addition to the well-known association between HTLV-1 and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP), several diseases and neurologic manifestations have been associated with the virus. This review was conducted through a PubMed search of the terms HTLV-1, immune response and neurological diseases. Emphasis was given to the most recent data regarding pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of HTLV-1 infection. The aim of the review is to analyze the immune response and the variety of neurological manifestations associated to HTLV-1 infection. A total of 102 articles were reviewed. The literature shows that a large percentage of HTLV-1 infected individuals have others neurological symptoms than HAM\/TSP. Increased understanding of these numerous others clinical manifestations associated to the virus than adult T cell leukemia\/lymphoma (ATLL) and HAM\/TSP has challenged the view that HTLV-1 is a low morbidity infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s0037-86822012000500002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,14]],"date-time":"2012-11-14T04:29:07Z","timestamp":1352867347000},"page":"545-552","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Immunopathogenesis and neurological manifestations associated to HTLV-1 infection"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Anselmo","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia; Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Doen\u00e7as Tropicais; Vanderbilt University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davi","family":"Tanajura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia; Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Doen\u00e7as Tropicais"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Toledo-Cornell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia; Vanderbilt University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvane","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia; Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Doen\u00e7as Tropicais"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edgar Marcelino de","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7415","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7415","article-title":"Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with 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