{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T14:03:31Z","timestamp":1789826611230,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"DOI":"10.1590\/s0074-02762012000400005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,4]],"date-time":"2012-06-04T13:32:59Z","timestamp":1338816779000},"page":"470-475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a focus of visceral leishmaniasis in White Nile, Sudan"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Sally Osman","family":"Widaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Research,  Sudan; University of Gezira,  Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid Awadelkarim","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Research,  Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amel Ahmed Elsheikh","family":"Bari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Research,  Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayada Mohmmedelhassan","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Research,  Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihad Abdelaal","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Research,  Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Ahmed","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Research,  Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Hamid Awadelkarim","family":"Mastour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"White Nile State Ministry of Health,  Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zakkiah Algali","family":"Yagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Ministry of Health,  Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mo'awia Mukhtar","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Research,  Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bilingual key for the identification of sandflies of the Ethiopian region","volume":"5","author":"Abonnenc E","year":"1965","journal-title":"Cahiers ORSTOM Entomol Med"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"824","article-title":"Outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in the western bank of the White Nile-Sudan, report and clinical study","volume":"65","author":"Ahmed MAM","year":"1988","journal-title":"East Afr Med J","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0012-835X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1997.tb00283.x","article-title":"Comparison of three methods for age-grading of female Neotropical phlebotomine sandflies","volume":"11","author":"A\u00f1ez N","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0269-283X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(92)90229-6","article-title":"Epidemic visceral leishmaniasis in southern Sudan: identity and systematic position of the parasites from patients and vectors","volume":"86","author":"Ashford RW","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0035-9203","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"271","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in the middle course of the Ethiopian Rift Valley: II. Entomological observations","volume":"40","author":"Balkew M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ethiop Med J","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0014-1755","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(84)90006-3","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kenya: Transmission of Leishmania major to man by the bite of Phlebotomus duboscqi","volume":"78","author":"Beach R","year":"1984","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0035-9203","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"669","article-title":"\u00c9co\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie des leishmanioses visc\u00e9rales et cutan\u00e9es en R\u00e9publique Arabe du Y\u00e9men. III: Inventaire et dynamique des phl\u00e9botomes","volume":"82","author":"Daoud W","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bull Soc Path Exot","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0037-9085","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90216-0","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in Sudan: Cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"95","author":"El-Hassan AM","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0035-9203","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1998.11813353","article-title":"Environmental determinants of the distribution of Phlebotomus orientalis in Sudan","volume":"92","author":"Elnaiem DA","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-4983","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1997.11813143","article-title":"Phlebotomine sandflies in a focus of visceral leishmaniasis in a border area of eastern Sudan","volume":"91","author":"Elnaiem DA","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-4983","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001007594","article-title":"The Egyptian mongoose, Herpestes ichneumon, is a possible reservoir host of visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Sudan","volume":"122","author":"Elnaiem DA","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasitology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0031-1820","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(98)00067-9","article-title":"Evidence for active transmission of visceral Leishmaniasis within a village in eastern Sudan","volume":"71","author":"Elnaiem DA","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Trop","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0001-706X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)00008-7","article-title":"The isolation of Leishmania tropica and L. aethiopica from Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) species (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Awash Valley, northeastern Ethiopia","volume":"98","author":"Gebre-Michael T","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0035-9203","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-6","article-title":"Further studies on the phlebotomine sandflies of the kala-azar endemic lowlands of Humera-Metema (north-west Ethiopia) with observations on their natural blood meal sources","volume":"3","author":"Gebre-Michael T","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasit Vec"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1179\/136485908X311803","article-title":"Isolation and identification of Leishmania donovani from Phlebotomus orientalis, in an area of eastern Sudan with endemic visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"102","author":"Hassan MM","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-4983","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.06.001","article-title":"Detection of high in-village transmission of Leishmania donovani in eastern Sudan","volume":"92","author":"Hassan MM","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Trop","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0001-706X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1179\/136485907X229040","article-title":"Studies on the ecology of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Sudan: the first records of Phlebotomus orientalis and P. rodhaini in northern Sudan","volume":"101","author":"Hassan MM","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-4983","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1969.18.1091","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in Sudan Republic. 30. Final epidemiological Report","volume":"18","author":"Hoogstraal H","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-9637","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1179\/136485908X252269","article-title":"Revival of a focus of visceral leishmaniasis in central Sudan","volume":"102","author":"Khalil EAG","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-4983","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2311.1951.tb00759.x","article-title":"The phlebotomine of the Ethiopian region","volume":"102","author":"Kirk R","year":"1951","journal-title":"Trans R Entomol Soc London"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1179\/000349802125001474","article-title":"The sandfly fauna in the visceral-leishmaniasis focus of Gedaref in the Atbara-River area of eastern Sudan","volume":"96","author":"Lambert M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-4983","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3113.1986.tb00535.x","article-title":"The differentiation of the leishmaniasis vector Phlebotomus papatasi from the suspected vector P. bergeroti (Diptera: Phlebotominae)","volume":"11","author":"Lane RP","year":"1986","journal-title":"Syst Entomol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/21.6.681","article-title":"Follicular development and parity in phlebotornine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)","volume":"21","author":"Magnarelli LA","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Med Entomol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-2585","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1994.11812901","article-title":"The armature in the genital atrium as a new taxonomic character distinguishing females of Phlebotomus papatasi and P. duboscqi (Diptera: Psychodidae)","volume":"88","author":"Pesson B","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-4983","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/1.3.213","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in Sudan Republic. 19. Phlebotomus sandflies of the Paloich area in the Sudan (Diptera: Psychodidae)","volume":"1","author":"Quate LW","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Med Entomol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-2585","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762008005000016","article-title":"Urban distribution of Phlebotominae in a cutaneous leishmaniasis focus, Argentina","volume":"103","author":"Salomon OD","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0074-0276","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"5","author":"Satti MH","year":"1958"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"A catalogue of Old World Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae): Occasional papers on systematic entomology 8","author":"Seccombe AK","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"The agriculture of the Sudan","first-page":"54","volume-title":"Natural vegetation","author":"Wickens GE","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90218-4","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in Sudan: Visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"95","author":"Zijlstra EE","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0035-9203","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["Mem\u00f3rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/mioc\/v107n4\/05.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,27]],"date-time":"2017-05-27T06:16:10Z","timestamp":1495865770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762012000400005&lng=en&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0074-02762012000400005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0074-02762012000400005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0074-0276"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0074-0276","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}}}