{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T03:03:07Z","timestamp":1772766187149,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"DOI":"10.1590\/s0074-02762012000400012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,4]],"date-time":"2012-06-04T13:33:03Z","timestamp":1338816783000},"page":"513-521","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Short-term therapy with simvastatin reduces inflammatory mediators and heart inflammation during the acute phase of experimental Chagas disease"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Rafael Rodrigues","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deena","family":"Shrestha-Bajracharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camila Megale","family":"Almeida-Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R\u00f4mulo","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Terezinha","family":"Bahia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Talvani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4819","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.9.4819-4826.1999","article-title":"Beta-chemokines enhance parasite uptake and promote nitric oxide-dependent microbiostatic activity in murine inflammatory macrophages infected with Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"67","author":"Aliberti JC","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0019-9567","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"214","article-title":"Mechanisms of myocardial damage in Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"99","author":"Andrade ZA","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ciba Found Symp","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0300-5208","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1159\/000237653","article-title":"Immunological control of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and pathogenesis of Chagas' disease","volume":"114","author":"Brener Z","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1018-2438","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2006.12.017","article-title":"A randomized trial of carvedilol after renin-angiotensin system inhibition in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy","volume":"153","author":"Botoni FA","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am Heart J","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-8703","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e3283453e41","article-title":"Mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory effects of statins","volume":"22","author":"Bu DX","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0957-9672","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-0992-6","article-title":"Benznidazole therapy during acute phase of Chagas disease reduces parasite load but does not prevent chronic cardiac lesions","volume":"103","author":"Caldas IS","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0044-3255","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2005.01.020","article-title":"Effects of atorvastatin on Th polorization in patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"7","author":"Cheng X","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Europ J Heart Failure"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04270.x","article-title":"Captopril increases the intensity of monocyte infection by Trypanosoma cruzi and induces human T helper type 17 cells","volume":"163","author":"Coelho dos Santos JS","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-9104","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.06.012","article-title":"Chemokine, vascular and therapeutic effects of combination simvastatin and BMSC treatment of stroke","volume":"36","author":"Cui X","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0969-9961","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02693938","article-title":"Statins and biomarkers of inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Devaraj S","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1358\/dnp.2005.18.4.908656","article-title":"The effects of statins on endothelium, inflammation and cardioprotection","volume":"18","author":"Elrod JW","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug News Perspect"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(90)91028-Q","article-title":"Inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi growth and sterol biosynthesis by lovastatin","volume":"166","author":"Florin-Christensen M","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0006-291X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2743","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00347.2006","article-title":"Low-dose simvastatin improves survival and ventricular function via e-NOS in congestive heart failure","volume":"291","author":"Greer JJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2010.06.010","article-title":"Increased type 1 chemokine expression in experimental Chagas disease correlates with cardiac pathology in beagle dogs","volume":"138","author":"Guedes PM","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0165-2427","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2005.08.002","article-title":"Upregulation of sterol C14-demethylase expression in Trypanosoma cruzi treated with sterol biosynthesis inhibitors","volume":"144","author":"Hankins EG","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0166-6851","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2009.0222","article-title":"Evaluation of biological and biochemical quality of whey protein","volume":"13","author":"Haraguchi FK","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.1.135-143.2006","article-title":"The CC chemokine receptor 5 is important in control of parasite replication and acute cardiac inflammation following infection with Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"74","author":"Hardison JL","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0019-9567","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(01)03238-0","article-title":"Kinetic properties and inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase","volume":"510","author":"Hurtado-Guerrrero R","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEBS Letters","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0014-5793","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000900029","article-title":"Chronic Trypanosoma cruzi-elicited cardiomyopathy: from the discovery to the proposal of rational therapeutic interventions targeting cell adhesion molecules and chemokines receptors - how to make a dream come true","volume":"104","author":"Lannes-Vieira J","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0074-0276","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000062690.79456.D0","article-title":"Captopril ameliorates myocarditis in acute experimental Chagas disease","volume":"107","author":"Leon JS","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-7322","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"1594","article-title":"Isoprenoids as mediators of the biological effects of statins","volume":"109","author":"Liao JK","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-9738","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2007.09.003","article-title":"The effect of simvastatin on the serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 levels in diabetic rats","volume":"23","author":"Lin Y","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Diab Complications"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfp105","article-title":"Plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, and FasLigand\/CD95L in patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy correlate with left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"11","author":"Lula JF","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1086\/427515","article-title":"CCR5 plays a critical role in the development of myocarditis and host protection in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"191","author":"Machado FS","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-1899","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000141561.15939.EC","article-title":"Regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) antagonist (Met-RANTES) controls the early phase of Trypanosoma cruzi-elicited myocarditis","volume":"110","author":"Marino AP","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-7322","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.11.012","article-title":"Treatment of chronically Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice with a CCR-1\/CCR5 antagonist (Met-RANTES) results in amelioration of cardiac tissue damage","volume":"11","author":"Medeiros GA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0451","article-title":"Low doses of simvastatin therapy ameliorate cardiac inflammatory remodeling in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected dogs","volume":"84","author":"Melo L","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-9637","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.7591","article-title":"Inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis: effects of lipid-lowering therapy","volume":"18","author":"Mizuno Y","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1340-3478","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(89)90126-5","article-title":"Verapamil ameliorates clinical, pathological and biochemical manifestations of experimental chagasic cardiomyopathy in mice","volume":"14","author":"Morris SA","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0735-1097","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"e","article-title":"Statin dirsupt CCR5 and RANTES expression levels in CD4(+) T lymphocytes in vitro and preferentially decrease infection of R5 versus X4 HIV-1","author":"Nabatov AA","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plos ONE 23"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"839","article-title":"Short-term statin therapy improves cardiac function and symptoms in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"19","author":"K Fujita M","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-7322","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0309187","article-title":"CCL2\/MCP-1 controls parasite burden, cell infiltration and mononuclear activation during acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"86","author":"Paiva CN","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0741-5400","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2009.01179.x","article-title":"Enalapril prevents cardiac immune-mediated damage and exerts anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity during acute phase of experimental Chagas disease","volume":"32","author":"Paula-Costa G","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0141-9838","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(01)00065-2","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological aspects of Chagas disease","volume":"1","author":"Prata A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.01.004","article-title":"Trypanosona cruzi: participation of cholesterol and placental alkaline phosphatase in the host cell invasion","volume":"122","author":"Priotto S","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0014-4894","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0b013e3283398e53","article-title":"Statins and inflammation: an update","volume":"25","author":"Quist-Paulsen P","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0268-4705","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.48.637","article-title":"Characterization of inflammatory infiltrates in chronic chagasic myocardial lesions: presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha+ cells and dominance of granzyme A+, CD8+ lymphocytes","volume":"48","author":"Reis DD","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-9637","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762006000600002","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi strains isolated from human, vector and animals reservoir in the same endemic region in Mexico and typed as T. cruzi I, discrete typing unit 1, exhibit considerable biological diversity","volume":"101","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Guill\u00e9n MC","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0074-0276","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.10.007","article-title":"Benznidazole alters the pattern of cyclophosphamide-induced reactivation in experimental Trypanosoma cruzi-dependent lineage infection","volume":"113","author":"Santos DM","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Trop","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0001-706X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(00)00757-7","article-title":"Effect of simvastatin on monocyte adhesion molecule expression in patients with hypercholesterolemia","volume":"157","author":"Serrano CV Jr","year":"2001","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-9150","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(00)00388-9","article-title":"Kinetics of cytokine gene expression in experimental chagasic cardiomyopathy: tissue parasitism and endogenous IFN-gamma as important determinants of chemokine mRNA expression during infection with Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"2","author":"Talvani A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385895-5.00008-6","article-title":"Inflammation and Chagas disease: some mechanisms and relevance","volume":"76","author":"Talvani A","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Parasitology"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(02)02283-3","article-title":"Chemokines, inflammation and Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"18","author":"Teixeira MM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.2174\/156720207782446333","article-title":"Macrophage infiltration, lectin-like oxidized-LDL receptors-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 are reduced by chronic HMG-CoA reductase inhibition","volume":"4","author":"Tsuchiya A","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Neurovasc Res"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000900041","article-title":"Ergosterol biosynthesis and drug development for Chagas disease","volume":"104","author":"Urbina JA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0074-0276","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.37.3.580","article-title":"Mevinolin (lovastatin) potentiates the antiproliferative effects of ketoconazole and terbinafine against Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi: in vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"37","author":"Urbina JA","year":"1993","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0066-4804","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref47","series-title":"Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2007.02.006","article-title":"Inhibition of chemokine receptor CCR2 and CCR5 expression contributes to simvastatin-induced attenuation of cardiac allograft vasculopathy","volume":"26","author":"Yin R","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1053-2498","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000700021","article-title":"A new consensus for Trypanosoma cruzi intraspecific nomenclature: second revision meeting recommends TcI to TcVI","volume":"104","author":"Zingales B","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0074-0276","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["Mem\u00f3rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/mioc\/v107n4\/12.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T09:50:20Z","timestamp":1594201820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762012000400012&lng=en&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0074-02762012000400012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0074-02762012000400012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0074-0276"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0074-0276","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}}}