{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T12:46:25Z","timestamp":1759495585936},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cad. Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although there are psychometric evaluations of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) when applied to heterosexual relationships, none has used item response theory (IRT). To address this gap, the present paper assesses the instrument's physical violence subscale. The CTS2 was applied to 764 women who also responded for their partners. Single dimensionality assumption was corroborated. A 2-parameter logistic IRT model was used for estimating location and discriminating power of each item. Differential item functioning and item information pattern along the violence continuum were assessed. Gender differences were detected in 3 out of 12 items. Item coverage of the latent trait spectrum indicated little information at the lower ends, while plenty in the middle and upper ranges. Still, depending on gender, some item overlaps and regions with gaps could be detected. Despite some unresolved problems, the analysis shows that the items form a theoretically coherent information set across the continuum. Provided the user is aware of possible drawbacks, using the physical violence subscale of the CTS2 in heterosexual couples is still a sensible option.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s0102-311x2007000100007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,17]],"date-time":"2007-01-17T16:44:57Z","timestamp":1169052297000},"page":"53-62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Assessing the physical violence component of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales when used in heterosexual couples: an item response theory analysis"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Reichenheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Cesgranrio,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia Leite","family":"Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199203000-00001","article-title":"Family violence: impact on children","volume":"31","author":"Kashani JH","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0890-8567","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Violence against women: the hidden health burden","author":"Heise L","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Physical violence in American families: risk factors and adaptations to violence in 8145 families","author":"Straus MA","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Intimate violence in families","author":"Gelles RJ","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838000001004002","article-title":"Children exposed to intimate partner violence: research findings and implications for intervention","volume":"1","author":"Carlson BE","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"World report on violence and health","author":"Krug EG","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"The economic dimensions of interpersonal violence","author":"Waters H","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Conflict and the web of group affiliations","author":"Simmel G","year":"1955"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1086\/224227","article-title":"Coercion and consensus theories: so-me unresolved issues","volume":"71","author":"Adams BN","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am J Sociol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2307\/351733","article-title":"Measuring intra-familiar conflict and violence: the conflict tactics (CT) scales","volume":"41","author":"Straus MA","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Marriage Fam","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-2445","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1177\/088626099014012003","article-title":"Assessment of the reliability of the conflict tactics scales: a meta-analytic review","volume":"14","author":"Archer J","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Interpers Viol"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Handbook for the Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS)","author":"Straus M","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1177\/019251396017003001","article-title":"The revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2): development and preliminary psychometric data","volume":"17","author":"Straus MA","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Fam Issues","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0192-513X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Family violence across the lifespan: an introduction","author":"Barnett OW","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2003000400030","article-title":"Adapta\u00e7\u00e3o transcultural da vers\u00e3o em portugu\u00eas da Conflict Tactics Scales Form R (CTS-1), usada para aferir viol\u00eancia no casal: equival\u00eancias sem\u00e2ntica e de mensura\u00e7\u00e3o","volume":"19","author":"Hasselmann MH","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"317","article-title":"An examination of measurement characteristics and factorial validity of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale","volume":"61","author":"Newton RR","year":"2001","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Meas","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0013-1644","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012281027999","article-title":"Factor structure and reliability of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales for incarcerated female substance abusers","volume":"16","author":"Lucente SW","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Fam Viol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513X02023003006","article-title":"The reliability and validity of the revised conflict tactics scale (CTS2) in a female incarcerated population","volume":"23","author":"Jones NT","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Fam Issues","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0192-513X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1177\/1069397104269543","article-title":"Cross-cultural reliability and validity of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales: a study of university student dating couples in 17 nations","volume":"38","author":"Straus MA","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cross-Cult Res"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Psychometric theory","author":"Nunnally JCJ","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Constructing measures: An item response modeling approach","author":"Wilson M","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260502017003001","article-title":"Measuring physical violence in male same-sex relationships: an item response theory analysis of the Conflict Tactics Scales","volume":"17","author":"Regan KV","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Interpers Viol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1177\/088626096011004008","article-title":"Measuring spousal violence with the Conflict Tactics Scale: Notes on reliability and validity issues","volume":"11","author":"Schafer J","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Interpers Viol"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Item response theory for psychologists","author":"Embretson SE","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/014662168801200305","article-title":"Full-information factor analysis","volume":"12","author":"Bock RD","year":"1988","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Meas","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0146-6216","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2003.011742","article-title":"A comparison between the abuse assessment screen and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales for measuring physical violence during pregnancy","volume":"58","author":"Reichenheim ME","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0141-7681","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2002000100017","article-title":"Adapta\u00e7\u00e3o transcultural para o portugu\u00eas do instrumento \"Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2)\" utilizado para identificar a viol\u00eancia entre casais","volume":"18","author":"Moraes CL","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2002000300022","article-title":"Cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) Portuguese version used to identify violence within couples","volume":"18","author":"Moraes CL","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"TESTFACT: test scoring, item statistics, and item factor analysis","author":"Wilson D","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"Differential item functioning","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Detection of DIF using the parameters of item response models","author":"Thissen D","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"BILOG-MG for Windows 3. 0","author":"Zimowski MF","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02302590","article-title":"The essential process in family of measurement models","volume":"49","author":"Masters GN","year":"1984","journal-title":"Psychometrika","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0033-3123","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref33","series-title":"StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software\/SE, Release 8. 2","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00976369","article-title":"Factor similarity of the Conflict Tactics Scales across samples, spouses, and sites: Issues and implications","volume":"2","author":"Barling J","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Fam Viol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.9.1.47","article-title":"Do partners agree about abuse in their relationship? A psychometric evaluation of interpartner agreement","volume":"9","author":"Moffitt TE","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.11.4.546","article-title":"Factor structure and convergent validity of the Conflict Tactics Scale in high school students","volume":"11","author":"Cascadi M","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199503000-00012","article-title":"When measurement errors correlate with truth: surprising effects of nondifferential misclassification","volume":"6","author":"Wacholder S","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epidemiology","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1044-3983","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115716","article-title":"Does non-differential misclassification always bias a true effect toward the null value?","volume":"132","author":"Dosemeci M","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-9262","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114131","article-title":"Confounding and misclassification","volume":"122","author":"Greenland S","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-9262","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780121405","article-title":"Influence of model-building strategies on the results of a case-control study","volume":"12","author":"Blettner M","year":"1985","journal-title":"Stat Med","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0277-6715","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.2307\/352404","article-title":"Assessment of wife assault with the Conflict Tactics Scale: using couple data to quantify the differential reporting effect","volume":"48","author":"Browning J","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Marriage Fam","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-2445","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"377","article-title":"Gender differences in reporting of battering incidences","volume":"35","author":"Edleson JL","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Appl Fam Child Stud"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.53.3.419","article-title":"Interspousal reliability of reports of marital violence","volume":"53","author":"Jouriles EN","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-006X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref44","series-title":"Family abuse and its consequences: new directions in research","first-page":"218","volume-title":"Assessing agreement of reports of spousal abuse","author":"O'Leary KD","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008846618880","article-title":"A model of equivalence in the cultural adaptation of HRQoL instruments: the universalist approach","volume":"7","author":"Herdman M","year":"1998","journal-title":"Qual Life Res","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0962-9343","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref46","series-title":"Translating questionnaires and other research instrument: problems and solutions","author":"Behling O","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref47","series-title":"Handbook of modern item response theory","author":"van der Linden WJ","year":"1996"}],"container-title":["Cadernos de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/csp\/v23n1\/06.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,25]],"date-time":"2017-05-25T17:10:56Z","timestamp":1495732256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2007000100007&lng=en&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0102-311X2007000100007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0102-311x2007000100007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0102-311X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0102-311X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}}}