{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T14:54:49Z","timestamp":1790434489059,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. Dent. J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The relationship between dentofacial morphology and respiration has been debated and investigated from various approaches. The aim of this study was to verify the skeletal and dental relationship of mouth and nose breathing children. Thirty-five children, 7 to 10 years of age, were submitted to orthodontic and otorhinolaryngologic evaluations and were separated into 2 groups: 15 nose breathers and 20 mouth breathers. Each subject underwent a cephalometric radiograph analysis. Statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney U test) indicated that changed mode of breathing was associated with 1) maxillo-mandibular retrusion in relation to the cranial base in the mouth breathers; 2) the SNGoGn and NSGn angles were greater in the mouth breathing group; 3) incisor inclination in both jaws and the interincisal angle were not different between groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the maxillary and mandibular molar heights between the nose breathers and mouth breathers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s0103-64402002000200010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,18]],"date-time":"2005-04-18T11:03:51Z","timestamp":1113822231000},"page":"129-132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Dentofacial morphology of mouth breathing children"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Toledo Monteiro","family":"Faria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EFOA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Carlos de Oliveira","family":"Ruellas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EFOA, Brazil; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00edrian Aiko Nakane","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilma T.","family":"Anselmo-Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana C.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"269","article-title":"Influence of respiratory pattern on craniofacial growth","volume":"51","author":"McNamara Jr JA","year":"1981","journal-title":"Angle Orthod","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-3219","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(82)90189-0","article-title":"The relation between nasorespiratory function and dentofacial morphology: A review","volume":"82","author":"O'Ryan 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