{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T06:55:39Z","timestamp":1768287339374,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"0","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-9946201759013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,17]],"date-time":"2017-04-17T17:02:59Z","timestamp":1492448579000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The epidemiology of cryptococcosis and the characterization of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated in a Brazilian University Hospital"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Paula Augusta Dias Foga\u00e7a de","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reginaldo dos Santos","family":"Pedroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A\u00e9rcio Sebasti\u00e3o","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomaz de Aquino","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00facio Borges de","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise Von Dolinger de Brito","family":"R\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Tratado de micologia m\u00e9dica","volume-title":"Criptococose","author":"Lacaz CS","year":"2002","edition":"9"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652003000600001","article-title":"Cryptococcosis a review of the Brazilian experience for the disease","volume":"45","author":"Pappalardo MC","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328322ffac","article-title":"Estimation of the current global burden of cryptococcal meningitis among persons living with HIV\/AIDS","volume":"23","author":"Park BJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldh043","article-title":"Cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"72","author":"Bicanic T","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1567-1364.2006.00088.x","article-title":"Do major species concepts support one, two or more species within Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"6","author":"Kwon-Chung KJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-011-9473-z","article-title":"Ten challenges on Cryptococcus and cryptococcosis","volume":"173","author":"Del Poeta M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans","author":"Casadevall A","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.1.115-122.2001","article-title":"Serotype AD strains of Cryptococcus neoformans are diploid or aneuploid and are heterozygous at the mating-type locus","volume":"69","author":"Lengeler KB","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17258","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402981101","article-title":"A rare genotype of Cryptococcus gattii caused the cryptococcosis outbreak on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada)","volume":"101","author":"Kidd SE","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822008000500022","article-title":"Consenso em criptococose - 2008","volume":"41","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2012.715763","article-title":"Fluconazole resistance in cryptococcal disease emerging or intrinsic?","volume":"51","author":"Cheong JW","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7197","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01299-15","article-title":"Increased antifungal drug resistance in clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans in Uganda","volume":"59","author":"Smith KD","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-838246120120296","article-title":"Clinical significance of the isolation of Candida species from hospitalized patients","volume":"46","author":"Magalh\u00e3es YC","year":"2015","journal-title":"Braz J Microbiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5898","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01115-12","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex an international study of wild-type susceptibility endpoint distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole","volume":"56","author":"Espinel-Ingroff A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"221","article-title":"Rapid methods to extract DNA and RNA from Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"1","author":"Bolano A","year":"2001","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762010000800008","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans var grubii - Pathogenicity of environmental isolates correlated to virulence factors, susceptibility to fluconazole and molecular profile","volume":"105","author":"Pedroso RS","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.5.2007-2009.2000","article-title":"Direct PCR of Cryptococcus neoformans MAT a and MAT a pheromones to determine mating type, ploidy, and variety a tool for epidemiological and molecular pathogenesis studies","volume":"38","author":"Chatuverdi S","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0902.020246","article-title":"Molecular typing of Iberoamerican Cryptococcus neoformans isolates","volume":"9","author":"Meyer W","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.3109\/13693780903358317","article-title":"Genotype and mating type distribution within clinical Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii isolates from patients with cryptococcal meningitis in Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil","volume":"48","author":"Mora DJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"An introduction to categorical data analysis","author":"Agresti A","year":"2007","edition":"2"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Boletim epidemiol\u00f3gico HIV-AIDS","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-008-9123-2","article-title":"Epidemiological profile of cryptococcal meningitis patients in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil","volume":"166","author":"Leal AL","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-011-9504-9","article-title":"Clinical, epidemiological and outcome features of patients with cryptococcosis in Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil","volume":"173","author":"Mora DJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"135","article-title":"Criptococose em um hospital p\u00fablico de Porto Alegre dados epidemiol\u00f3gicos","volume":"2","author":"Mezzari A","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Control"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822006000300005","article-title":"Criptococose estudo cl\u00ednico-epidemiol\u00f3gico, laboratorial e das variedades do fungo em 96 pacientes","volume":"39","author":"Moreira TA","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123119","article-title":"Differential survival for men and women with HIV\/AIDS-related neurologic diagnoses","volume":"10","author":"Carvour ML","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471363","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/471363","article-title":"New insights into HIV\/AIDS-associated cryptococcosis","volume":"2013","author":"Antinori S","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN AIDS"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00311-15","article-title":"Cryptococcosis serotypes impact outcome and provide evidence of Cryptococcus neoformans speciation","volume":"6","author":"Desnos-Ollivier M","year":"2015","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2015.05.002","article-title":"Rising to the challenge of multiple Cryptococcus species and the diseases they cause","volume":"78","author":"Idnurm A","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fungal Genet Biol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-67","article-title":"Adult meningitis in a setting of high HIV and TB prevalence findings from 4961 suspected cases","volume":"10","author":"Jarvis JN","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Rapid advice: diagnosis, prevention and management of cryptococcal disease in HIV-infected adults, adolescents and children","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"116","article-title":"HIV-related opportunistic infections are still relevant in 2015","volume":"23","author":"Masur H","year":"2015","journal-title":"Top Antivir Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652008000200002","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological features of 123 cases of cryptococcosis in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil","volume":"50","author":"Lindenberg AS","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1086\/649862","article-title":"Cryptococcosis in the developing world an elephant in the parlor","volume":"50","author":"Pappas PG","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"61","article-title":"Cryptococcal infections in non-HIV-infected patients","volume":"123","author":"Pappas PG","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S38850","article-title":"Cryptococcal meningitis epidemiology and therapeutic options","volume":"6","author":"Sloan DJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1086\/649858","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"50","author":"Perfect JR","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2014.10.003","article-title":"Cryptococcosis diagnosis and treatment what do we know now","volume":"78","author":"Perfect JR","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fungal Genet Biol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0061-2012","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological features of cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"46","author":"Souza LK","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200111230-00026","article-title":"Development of azole resistance during fluconazole maintenance therapy for AIDS-associated cryptococcal disease","volume":"15","author":"Friese G","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822008000200005","article-title":"Suscetibilidade a antif\u00fangicos de variedades de Cryptococcus neoformans isoladas de pacientes em hospital universit\u00e1rio","volume":"41","author":"Silva PR","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"ref42","series-title":"Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts: third informational supplement","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-012-9528-9","article-title":"Comparative analysis of the Vitek 2 Antifungal Susceptibility System and E-test with the CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method for susceptibility testing of Indian clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"173","author":"Tewari A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(02)00036-3","article-title":"Cryptococcosis","volume":"16","author":"Perfect JR","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"12","article-title":"Genotyping of the Cryptococcus neoformans\/C gattii species complex","volume":"41","author":"Meyer W","year":"2010","journal-title":"Australian Biochemist"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.60.2.602-605.1992","article-title":"Genetic association of mating types and virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"60","author":"Kwon-Chung KJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref47","series-title":"Medical mycology","author":"Kwon-Chung KJ","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05097-0","article-title":"Disseminated cryptococcosis in an AIDS patient caused by a canavanine-resistant strain of Cryptococcus neoformans var grubii","volume":"52","author":"Khan ZU","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3669","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01072-09","article-title":"Identification of Cryptococcus gattii by use of L-canavanine glycine bromothymol blue medium and DNA sequencing","volume":"47","author":"Klein KR","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.5123\/S2176-62232010000400007","article-title":"Quimiotipagem e caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o fenot\u00edpica de Cryptococcus","volume":"1","author":"Gomes FS","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Pan-Amaz Saude"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762008000500008","article-title":"Regional pattern of the molecular type of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Brazil","volume":"103","author":"Trilles L","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094648","article-title":"Identification of the major molecular types of Cryptococcus neoformans and C gattii by hyperbranched rolling circle amplification","volume":"9","author":"Trilles L","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2015.02.009","article-title":"Recognition of seven species in the Cryptococcus gattii\/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex","volume":"78","author":"Hagen F","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fungal Genet Biol"}],"container-title":["Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S\u00e3o Paulo"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/rimtsp\/v59\/1678-9946-rimtsp-59-e13.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]],"date-time":"2020-10-05T16:23:27Z","timestamp":1601915007000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0036-46652017005000208&lng=en&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"0","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"alternative-id":["S0036-46652017005000208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1678-9946201759013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-4665"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-4665","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}