{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T10:46:40Z","timestamp":1774954000226,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. bras. pneumol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>ABSTRACT  Objective: To evaluate the frequency of and factors associated with indeterminate interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) results in people living with HIV\/AIDS (PLWHA).  Methods: We tested 81 PLWHA in the central-west region of Brazil, using the tuberculin skin test and an IGRA. Information on sociodemographic and clinical variables was gathered through the use of questionnaires and from medical records. The association of those variables with indeterminate results was analyzed by calculating the adjusted ORs in a multivariate logistic regression model. Concordance was evaluated by determining the kappa statistic.  Results: Among the 81 patients evaluated, the tuberculin skin test results were positive in 18 (22.2%) of the patients, and the IGRA results were positive in 10 (12.3%), with a kappa of 0.62. The IGRA results were indeterminate in 22 (27.1%) of the patients (95% CI: 17.8-38.1%). The odds of obtaining indeterminate results were significantly higher in smokers (adjusted OR = 6.0; 95% CI: 1.4-26.7) and in samples stored for less than 35 days (adjusted OR = 14.0; 95% CI: 3.1-64.2). Patients with advanced immunosuppression (CD4+ T-cell count &lt; 200 cells\/mm3) were at a higher risk for indeterminate results (OR adjusted for smoking and inadequate duration of sample storage = 4.7; 95% CI: 0.91-24.0), although the difference was not significant.  Conclusions: The high prevalence of indeterminate results can be a major limitation for the routine use of IGRAs in PLWHA. The need to repeat the test increases its costs and should be taken into account in cost-effectiveness studies. The processing of samples can significantly alter the results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s1806-37562016000000125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,19]],"date-time":"2017-07-19T18:17:27Z","timestamp":1500488247000},"page":"215-218","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Frequency of indeterminate results from an interferon-gamma release assay among HIV-infected individuals"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Sandra Maria do Valle Leone de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul,  Brazil; Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anete","family":"Trajman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University,  Canada; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anamaria Mello Miranda","family":"Paniago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Rita Coimbra","family":"Motta-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul,  Brazil; Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ruffino-Netto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ethel Leonor Noia","family":"Maciel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Croda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz,  Brazil; Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria da Gloria","family":"Bonecini-Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199903110-00009","article-title":"Isoniazid prophylaxis for tuberculosis in HIV infection a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"13","author":"Bucher HC","year":"1999","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.02.032","article-title":"Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection The potential role of new technologies","volume":"100","author":"Kunst H","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12442","article-title":"Tuberculin skin test and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-tube Test for latent tuberculosis in Thai HIV-infected adults","volume":"20","author":"Khawcharoenporn T","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00034-13","article-title":"Gamma interferon release assays for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"27","author":"Pai M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601737","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/601737","article-title":"Interferon-Gamma Release Assays versus Tuberculin Skin Testing for the Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection An Overview of the Evidence","volume":"2013","author":"Trajman A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pulm Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu644","article-title":"Defective antigen tubes generate false-positive QuantiFERON tuberculosis test results","volume":"59","author":"Couturier MR","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Manual de recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es para o controle da tuberculose no Brasil","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01547-13","article-title":"Significant reduction in rate of indeterminate results of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test by shortening incubation delay","volume":"52","author":"Yun JW","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00166-12","article-title":"Risk factors associated with indeterminate gamma interferon responses in the assessment of latent tuberculosis infection in a high-incidence environment","volume":"19","author":"Oni T","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00482-10","article-title":"Immediate incubation reduces indeterminate results for QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-tube assay","volume":"48","author":"Herrera V","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31820b07ab","article-title":"Interferon-gamma release assays for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected individuals a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Cattamanchi A","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2015.10.007","article-title":"Interferon-gamma release assay versus tuberculin skin test for latent tuberculosis infection among HIV patients in Brazil","volume":"20","author":"Kussen GM","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref13","first-page":"153","article-title":"Interferon- release assay in HIV-infected patients with active tuberculosis: impact of antituberculous drugs on host immune response","volume":"37","author":"Sauzullo I","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1038\/nri803","article-title":"Effects of cigarette smoke on the immune system","volume":"2","author":"Sopori M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"}],"container-title":["Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/jbpneu\/v43n3\/1806-3713-jbpneu-43-03-00215.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]],"date-time":"2017-07-26T16:59:18Z","timestamp":1501088358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1806-37132017000300215&lng=en&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1806-37132017000300215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1806-37562016000000125","relation":{},"ISSN":["1806-3713"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1806-3713","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}}}