{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:21:17Z","timestamp":1762521677946},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to perform an epidemiological survey to determine the areas at risk of visceral leishmaniasis through the detection and quantification of natural infection by Leishmania infantum in Lutzomyia longipalpis. The sandflies were captured between February 2009 and January 2010, at 21 sites in four regions of the Fortaleza municipality. Samples were screened for the presence of Leishmania DNA by Real Time PCR (qPCR), amplification of kDNA minicircle sequence. Out of the 123 pools of analyzed sandflies, 45 were positive for L.infantum, and the minimum infection rate was 3.7%. In the north, south, east and west regions, the pool screen assay predicted sand-fly infection prevalence of 3.4%, 4.7%, 4.9% and 8.4%, respectively. The parasite load ranged from 2.45 \u00b1 0.96 to 2,820,246 \u00b1 106,072. No statistical differences were found with respect to the frequency of sand-fly infection between the regions (P=0.3014), seasons (P = 0.3906) or trap locations (P = 0.8486). Statistical differences were found with respect to the frequency of sand-fly infection between the two seasons only in the west region (P=0.0152). The qPCR was able to detect and quantify L. infantum in L. longipalpis, therefore succeeding in identifying the areas of greatest risk of VL transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-29612014007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]],"date-time":"2014-04-14T17:39:18Z","timestamp":1397497158000},"page":"55-62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Epidemiological survey of Lutzomyia longipalpis infected by Leishmania infantum in an endemic area of Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ana Caroline Moura","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Cear\u00e1 ? UECE, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafaella Albuquerque","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Cear\u00e1 ? UECE, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana Magalh\u00e3es","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Cear\u00e1 ? UECE, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Claudia Santos","family":"Luciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Cear\u00e1 ? UECE, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia Maria Leal","family":"Bevilaqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Cear\u00e1 ? UECE, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"issue":"(1)","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2307\/3933","article-title":"Regulation and stability of host-parasite population interactions","volume":"47","author":"Anderson RM","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Anim Ecol"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2011.08.010","article-title":"Real-time PCR to assess the <em>Leishmania<\/em> load in <em>Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/em> sand flies: Screening of target genes and assessment of quantitative methods","volume":"129","author":"Bezerra-Vasconcelos DR","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref3","year":"2012"},{"issue":"(10)","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2003.00316.x","article-title":"Abortive infection of <em>Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/em> insect vectors by aflagellate LdARL-3A-Q70L overexpressing <em>Leishmania amazonensis<\/em> parasites","volume":"5","author":"Cuvillier A","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.004","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives","volume":"27","author":"Desjeux P","year":"2004","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.01.008","article-title":"<em>Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/em> spatial distribution and association with environmental variables in an urban focus of visceral leishmaniasis, Misiones, Argentina","volume":"114","author":"Fernandez MS","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89101997000400007","article-title":"Estudo de flebotom\u00edneos (Diptera, Psychodidae) em foco de leishmaniose visceral no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil","volume":"31","author":"Galati EAB","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.138","article-title":"Short report: Surveillance of <em>Leishmania<\/em> sp. Among sand flies in Sicily (Italy) using a fluorogenic real-time polymerase chain reaction","volume":"72","author":"Gom\u00e9z-Salad\u00edn E","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-790X2004000300011","article-title":"Leishmaniose visceral no Brasil: quadro atual, desafios e perspectivas","volume":"7","author":"Gontijo CMF","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Bras Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"2011 [cited 2011 Oct 10]","journal-title":"Available from"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.5.1414","article-title":"Determining the prevalence of <em>Onchocerca volvulus<\/em> infection in vector populations by Polymerase Chain Reaction screening of pools of black flies","volume":"172","author":"Katholi C","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(99)00046-2","article-title":"The biology and control of phlebotomine sand flies","volume":"17","author":"Killick-Kendrick R","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"(29)","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10125","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0802331105","article-title":"Quantification of the infectious dose of <em>Leishmania major<\/em> transmitted to the skin by single sand flies","volume":"105","author":"Kimblin N","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"(11)","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5249","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.5249-5255.2004","article-title":"Quantification of <em>Leishmania infantum<\/em> DNA by a real-time PCR assay with high sensitivity","volume":"42","author":"Mary C","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822011000100014","article-title":"Infec\u00e7\u00e3o natural de <em>Lutzomyia<\/em> (<em>Lutzomyia<\/em>) <em>longipalpis<\/em> (Diptera: Psychodidae) por <em>Leishmania infantum chagasi<\/em> em flebotom\u00edneos capturados no munic\u00edpio de Jana\u00faba, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil","volume":"44","author":"Michalsky EM","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(02)00189-4","article-title":"Comparative vectorial efficiency of <em>Lutzomyia evansi<\/em> and <em>Lu. longipalpis<\/em> for transmitting <em>Leishmania chagasi<\/em>","volume":"85","author":"Montoya-Lerma J","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"(21)","key":"ref17","first-page":"13883","article-title":"The roles of pteridine reductase 1 and dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase in pteridine metabolism in the protozoan parasite <em>Leishmania major<\/em>","volume":"272","author":"Nare B","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652007000200011","article-title":"Natural infection of phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a visceral-leishmaniasis focus in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil","volume":"49","author":"Nascimento JC","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.5.1666-1669.2002","article-title":"Real-time PCR for detection and quantitation of <em>Leishmania<\/em> in mouse tissues","volume":"40","author":"Nicolas L","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"(11)","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.009","article-title":"<em>Leishmania braziliensis<\/em> isolates differing at the genome level display distinctive features in BALB\/c mice","volume":"6","author":"Oliveira CI","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2013.12034.x","article-title":"Climatic factors and population density of <em>Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/em>(Lutz & Neiva, 1912) in na urban endemic \u00e1rea of visceral leishmaniasis in midwest Brazil","volume":"38","author":"Oliveira EF","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vector Ecol"},{"issue":"(2-3)","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2006.08.009","article-title":"Detection and identification of <em>Leishmania<\/em> species in field-captured phlebotomine sandflies based on mini-exon gene PCR","volume":"99","author":"Paiva BR","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2007000100010","article-title":"Padroniza\u00e7\u00e3o de condi\u00e7\u00f5es para detec\u00e7\u00e3o de DNA de <em>Leishmania<\/em> spp. em flebotom\u00edneos (Diptera, Psychodidae) pela rea\u00e7\u00e3o em cadeia da polimerase","volume":"23","author":"Paiva BR","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2053","article-title":"Comparative genomic analysis of three <em>Leishmania<\/em> species that cause diverse human disease","volume":"39","author":"Peacock CS","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90276-3","article-title":"Natural <em>Leishmania<\/em> infection of <em>Lutzomyia<\/em> spp. in Peru","volume":"88","author":"Perez JE","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762007005000077","article-title":"Isolation and molecular identification of <em>Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana<\/em> from naturally infected <em>Lutzomyia peruensis<\/em> (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Peruvian Andes","volume":"102","author":"Perez JE","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"(11)","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2007.06.005","article-title":"<em>Leishmania<\/em> DNA is rapidly degraded following parasite death: an analysis by microscopy and real-time PCR","volume":"9","author":"Prina E","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"(14)","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009991156","article-title":"Transmission, reservoir hosts and control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"136","author":"Quinnell RJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"(9)","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003","article-title":"A real-time PCR assay to estimate <em>Leishmania chagasi<\/em> load in its natural sandfly vector <em>Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/em>","volume":"102","author":"Ranasinghe S","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2001000100023","article-title":"Hourly frequency and seasonality of <em>Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/em> (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) on S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds Island, Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil","volume":"17","author":"Reb\u00ealo JM","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822006000100010","article-title":"Seasonal variation of <em>Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/em> in Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais","volume":"39","author":"Resende MC","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19851","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019851","article-title":"Visualisation of <em>Leishmania donovani<\/em> fluorescent hybrids during early stage development in the sand fly vector","volume":"6","author":"Sadlova J","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2002.00911.x","article-title":"Molecular biological applications in the diagnosis and control of leishmaniasis and parasite identification","volume":"7","author":"Schalling HDFH","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-20","article-title":"The transmission of <em>Leishmania infantum chagasi<\/em> by the bite of the <em>Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/em> to two different vertebrates","volume":"5","author":"Secundino NFC","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761996000600003","article-title":"Ecological interactions of visceral leishmaniasis in the State of Bahia, Brazil","volume":"91","author":"Sherlock IA","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"715","article-title":"Observa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre calazar em Jacobina, Bahia. IV. Varia\u00e7\u00e3o hor\u00e1ria e estacional de <em>Phlebotomus longipalpis<\/em>","volume":"21","author":"Sherlock IA","year":"1969","journal-title":"Rev Bras Malar Doen\u00e7as Trop"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2008.03.011","article-title":"Detection of <em>Leishmania<\/em> DNA in phlebotomines captured in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil","volume":"119","author":"Silva EA","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.5170704","article-title":"Mitochondrial proteins and complexes in <em>Leishmania<\/em> and <em>Trypanosoma<\/em> involved in U-insertion\/deletion RNA editing","volume":"10","author":"Simpson L","year":"2004","journal-title":"RNA"},{"issue":"(12)","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2010001200019","article-title":"An\u00e1lise molecular da infec\u00e7\u00e3o natural de <em>Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/em> em \u00e1rea end\u00eamica de leishmaniose visceral no Brasil","volume":"26","author":"Soares MRA","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"126","article-title":"Battery-operated light trap, an improved model","volume":"22","author":"Sudia WD","year":"1962","journal-title":"Mosq News"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e580","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000580","article-title":"<em>Leishmania major<\/em> glycosylation mutants require phosphoglycans (<em>Ipg2<\/em><sup>\u2013<\/sup>) but not lipophosphoglycan (<em>Ipg1<\/em>) for survival in permissive sand fly vectors","volume":"4","author":"Svar\u00f3vsk\u00e1 A","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.124","article-title":"Pool screen polymerase chain reaction for estimating the prevalence of <em>Onchocerca volvulus<\/em> infection in <em>Simulium damnosum<\/em> sensu lato: results of a field trial in an area subject to successful vector control","volume":"60","author":"Yameogo L","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref43","series-title":"Memorial American Institute Entomology.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA285737","volume-title":"Guide to the Identification and Geographic Distribution of <em>Lutzomyia<\/em> Sand Flies in Mexico, the West Indies, Central and South America (Diptera: Psychodidae)","author":"Young DG","year":"1994"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761984000400010","article-title":"Observaciones sobre la ecolog\u00eda de <em>Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/em> (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) y posibilidades de existencia de leishmaniasis visceral en Costa Rica","volume":"79","author":"Zeled\u00f3n R","year":"1984","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"}],"container-title":["Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterin\u00e1ria"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/rbpv\/v23n1\/0103-846x-rbpv-23-01-55.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T14:20:35Z","timestamp":1565360435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-29612014000100008&lng=en&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1984-29612014000100008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1984-29612014007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1984-2961"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1984-2961","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}}}