{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T09:37:28Z","timestamp":1780738648951,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract This study investigated occurrences of anti-Neospora caninum and anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies by means of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFAT), along with risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, in 204 dogs from urban and rural areas of the municipality of Aragua\u00edna, state of Tocantins, Brazil. One hundred and thirty samples (63.7%) were positive for T. gondii using ELISA: 57.1% and 70.7% in the urban and rural areas, respectively. The seropositivity frequency for T. gondii observed through IFAT was 57.4%, distributed between rural and urban areas as 62.6% and 52.4%, respectively. The factors associated with canine toxoplasmosis were age and breed (p&lt;0.05). In relation to N. caninum, 88 samples (43.1%) were positive, according to ELISA, distributed as 42.9% in urban areas and 43.3% in rural areas. Anti - N. caninum antibodies were detected through IFAT in 62 dogs (30.4%), distributed as 31.3% and 29.5% between rural and urban areas, respectively. Age and breed were associated with neosporosis occurrence (p&lt;0.05) by IFAT. This study provides the first detection of IgG antibodies for canine toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in the state of Tocantins and highlights the importance of dogs in the epidemiological chain of these diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-29612015068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,7]],"date-time":"2015-11-07T22:40:25Z","timestamp":1446936025000},"page":"475-481","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in dogs from the state of Tocantins: serology and associated factors"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Juliana Macedo","family":"Raimundo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andresa","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa Martins de Brito","family":"Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00e9lia Azevedo","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Tocantins,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leandro Lopes","family":"Nepomuceno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Tocantins,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia Minharro","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Tocantins,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus Sandes","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huarrisson Azevedo","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Luiz","family":"Massard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosangela Zacarias","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiane Divan","family":"Baldani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1-2","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.06.014","article-title":"Prevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle and dogs from Western Amazon, Brazil, in association with some possible risk factors","volume":"142","author":"Aguiar DM","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2004.10.001","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in dogs from the state of Para\u00edba, Northeast region of Brazil","volume":"79","author":"Azevedo SS","year":"2005","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","first-page":"177","article-title":"Ocorr\u00eancia de anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum em c\u00e3es no munic\u00edpio de Cuiab\u00e1, Mato Grosso","volume":"9","author":"Benetti AH","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cienc Anim Bras"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00115-0","article-title":"Serological diagnosis of Neospora caninum infection","volume":"29","author":"Bj\u00f6rkman C","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref5","first-page":"40","article-title":"Ocorr\u00eancia de anticorpos contra Neospora caninum e Toxoplasma gondii e estudo de fatores de risco em c\u00e3es de Ara\u00e7atuba-SP","volume":"23","author":"Bresciani KDS","year":"2007","journal-title":"ARS Vet"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref6","first-page":"117","article-title":"Improved technique of indirect immunofluorescence for serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis","volume":"6","author":"Camargo ME","year":"1964","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(03)00131-6","article-title":"Prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum in dogs from Amazon, Brazil","volume":"115","author":"Ca\u00f1\u00f3n-Franco WA","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VERC.0000012114.71235.73","article-title":"Occurrence of anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dogs in the urban area of Monte Negro, Rond\u00f4nia, Brazil","volume":"28","author":"Ca\u00f1\u00f3n-Franco WA","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Res Commun"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"301","article-title":"Fatores de risco e preval\u00eancia de anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum em c\u00e3es urbanos e rurais do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil","volume":"17","author":"Cunha Fo NA","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Bras Parasitol Vet"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-84782013001100020","article-title":"Ocorr\u00eancia e fatores de risco associados \u00e0s infec\u00e7\u00f5es por Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum em c\u00e3es do munic\u00edpio de Natal, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste do Brasil","volume":"43","author":"Dantas SBA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cienc Rural"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref11","first-page":"79","article-title":"Canine toxoplasmosis: a comparative evaluation of the detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies by the indirect immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) and the indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IIF)","volume":"7","author":"Domingues LM","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rev Bras Parasitol Vet"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00094-2","article-title":"Redescription of Neospora caninum and its differentiation from related coccidia","volume":"32","author":"Dubey JP","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2009.08.001","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis and other intestinal coccidial infections in cats and dogs","volume":"39","author":"Dubey JP","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.05.031","article-title":"Neosporosis in animals: the last five years","volume":"180","author":"Dubey JP","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.05.016","article-title":"Prevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in dogs from urban, periurban and rural areas of the city of Uberl\u00e2ndia, Minas Gerais \u2013 Brazil","volume":"123","author":"Fernandes BCTM","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49891999000800002","article-title":"Soropreval\u00eancia, epidemiologia e avalia\u00e7\u00e3o ocular da toxoplasmose humana na zona rural de Jaguapit\u00e3 (Paran\u00e1), Brasil","volume":"6","author":"Garcia JC","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.11606\/issn.2318-3659.v22i1p53-58","article-title":"Estudo sorol\u00f3gico da toxoplasmose canina, pela prova de imunofluoresc\u00eancia indireta, na cidade de Campinas, 1981","volume":"22","author":"Germano PML","year":"1985","journal-title":"Rev Fac Med Vet Zootec Univ S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822013000400043","article-title":"Prevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in dogs","volume":"44","author":"Langoni H","year":"2013","journal-title":"Braz J Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.13.1.84-89.2006","article-title":"Detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies to Neospora caninum in humans: high seropositivity rates in patients who are infected by human immunodeficiency virus or have neurological disorders","volume":"13","author":"Lobato J","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-29612011000200004","article-title":"Presence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Leishmania infantum in dogs from Piau\u00ed","volume":"20","author":"Lopes MG","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Bras Parasitol Vet"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(97)00003-4","article-title":"An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against Babesia bovis in cattle","volume":"71","author":"Machado RZ","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref22","first-page":"1473","article-title":"Dogs are definitive hosts of Neospora caninum.","volume":"28","author":"McAllister MM","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref23","first-page":"1507","article-title":"Soropreval\u00eancia de anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum em c\u00e3es da cidade de Cuiab\u00e1, Estado de Mato Grosso","volume":"33","author":"Melo ALT","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semina: Ci\u00eanc Agr\u00e1r"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00441-1","article-title":"Detection of IgG antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs examined in a veterinary hospital from Brazil","volume":"98","author":"Mineo TWP","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Estudo da resposta imune celular e humoral de c\u00e3es frente \u00e0 infec\u00e7\u00e3o oral por Neospora caninum","author":"Mineo TWP","year":"2007"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-3151.1","article-title":"Prevalence of Anti-Neospora caninum and Anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dogs from two different indigenous communities in the Brazilian Amazon region","volume":"98","author":"Minervino AHH","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4322\/rbpv.01803009","article-title":"Ocorr\u00eancia de anticorpos e fatores de risco para infec\u00e7\u00e3o por Toxoplasma gondii em c\u00e3es, nas cidades de Lages e Balne\u00e1rio Cambori\u00fa, Santa Catarina, Brasil","volume":"18","author":"Moura AB","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Bras Parasitol Vet"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"Fundamentals of Biostatistics","author":"Rosner B","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2-4","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.09.029","article-title":"Factors associated with infection by Neospora caninum in dogs in Brazil","volume":"185","author":"Sicupira PML","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.08.028","article-title":"Evaluation of serological tests for the diagnosis of Neospora caninum infection in dogs: Optimization of cut off titers and inhibition studies of cross-reactivity with Toxoplasma gondii.","volume":"143","author":"Silva DA","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1590\/S1676-24442002000200006","article-title":"Otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o da rela\u00e7\u00e3o de polimerase em cadeia para detec\u00e7\u00e3o de Toxoplasma gondii em sangue venoso e placenta de gestantes","volume":"38","author":"Spalding SM","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bras Patol Med Lab"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879700900108","article-title":"Herd-based diagnosis of Neospora caninum-induced endemic and epidemic abortion in cows and evidence for congenital and postnatal transmission","volume":"9","author":"Thurmond MC","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-1890-2","article-title":"Occurrence of antibodies anti-Neospora caninum, anti-Toxoplasma gondii, and anti-Leishmania chagasi in serum of dogs from Par\u00e1 State, Amazon, Brazil","volume":"107","author":"Valadas S","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"}],"container-title":["Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterin\u00e1ria"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/rbpv\/v24n4\/1984-2961-rbpv-S1984-29612015068.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]],"date-time":"2018-03-06T00:38:06Z","timestamp":1520296686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-29612015000400475&lng=en&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,10]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1984-29612015000400475"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1984-29612015068","relation":{},"ISSN":["1984-2961","0103-846X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1984-2961","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0103-846X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,10]]}}}