{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T04:36:35Z","timestamp":1768538195631,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract A serological, molecular and histopathological study was carried out in order to investigate occurrences of Toxoplasma gondii in pigs slaughtered with and without inspection service. Serum samples were collected from 60 pigs to detect anti-T. gondii antibody by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFAT). Tongue, masseter and diaphragm fragments were also collected for parasite DNA detection by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histopathological analysis. The serological results showed that 77% (44\/60) of the pigs were positive. Regarding PCR, 66.67% (40\/60) were positive for T. gondii. Among the tissues evaluated, the diaphragm was the one with the highest frequency of positivity (40%; 24\/60), followed by the masseter (38.33%; 23\/60) and tongue (33.3%; 20\/60). Histopathological changes were only observed in the diaphragm, which presented inflammatory infiltrates of lymphohistiocytic and neutrophilic types. These results not only show the potential threat of T. gondii to human health, but also demonstrate the dynamic epidemiological situation of toxoplasmosis in pigs in the city of S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, providing support for food security regarding pigs and for T. gondii control programs in Brazil.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-29612021086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T12:47:44Z","timestamp":1636980464000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["High level of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in pigs slaughtered in the city of S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Maranh\u00e3o"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Ellainy Maria Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo dos Santos","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scarleth Kevia Gomes Silva de","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingrid Carolinne Lopes","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco Borges","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea Pereira da","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larissa Sarmento dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria do Socorro Costa Oliveira","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana L\u00facia","family":"Abreu-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosangela Zacarias","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7132-5265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alcina Vieira de","family":"Carvalho Neta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o,  Brasil; Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2011000400003","article-title":"Risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy cattle, State of Rio de Janeiro","volume":"31","author":"Albuquerque GR","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pesq Vet Bras"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Relat\u00f3rio Anual de Atividades","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-29612010000200002","article-title":"Prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in swine from northeastern Brazil","volume":"19","author":"Azevedo SS","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Bras Parasitol Vet"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.03.002","article-title":"Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in free-range, organic pigs in Italy using serological and molecular methods","volume":"202","author":"Bacci C","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1590\/S0001-37652007000100013","article-title":"High prevalence of unusual genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pork meat samples from Erechim, Southern Brazil","volume":"79","author":"Belfort-Neto R","year":"2007","journal-title":"An Acad Bras Cienc"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2514-1","article-title":"Comparison of methods for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in tissues of naturally exposed pigs","volume":"110","author":"Bezerra RA","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.07.003","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii and ovine toxoplasmosis: new aspects of an old story","volume":"149","author":"Buxton D","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-830R.1","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cats and pigs from rural western Amazon, Brasil","volume":"92","author":"Cavalcante GT","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2017.2305","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii, a foodborne pathogen in the swine production chain from a European perspective","volume":"14","author":"De Berardinis A","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Toxoplasmosis of animals and man.","author":"Dubey JP","year":"1988"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.2307\/3284082","article-title":"Infectivity of Low Numbers of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts to Pigs","volume":"82","author":"Dubey JP","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.2307\/3283961","article-title":"Sources and reservoirs of Toxoplasma gondii infection on 47 swine farms in Illinois","volume":"81","author":"Dubey JP","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"2-4","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.05.018","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis in pigs-the last 20 years","volume":"164","author":"Dubey JP","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans.","author":"Dubey JP","year":"2010","edition":"2nd"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Multicriteria-based ranking for risk management of foodborne parasites","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4790-7","article-title":"Survey for Toxoplasma gondii by PCR detection in meat for human consumption in Colombia","volume":"115","author":"Franco-Hernandez EN","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5736-z","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection and biosecurity levels in fattening pigs and sows: serological and molecular epidemiology in the intensive pig industry (Lombardy, Northern Italy)","volume":"117","author":"Gazzonis AL","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trw064","article-title":"High frequency detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in human neonatal tissue from Libya","volume":"110","author":"Haq SZ","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2016.2165","article-title":"Presence of Toxoplasma gondii in pork intended for human consumption in tropical southern Mexico","volume":"13","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Cortazar IB","year":"2016","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.008","article-title":"Comparison of detection methods for Toxoplasma gondii in naturally and experimentally infected swine","volume":"141","author":"Hill DE","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00170-8","article-title":"Identification of a 200-to 300-fold repetitive 529 bp DNA fragment in Toxoplasma gondii, and its use for diagnostic and quantitative PCR","volume":"30","author":"Homan WL","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Cidades, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Maranh\u00e3o, Brasil","year":"2020"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5623-7","article-title":"Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected domestic pigs in Northern Serbia","volume":"116","author":"Kuruca L","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Manual of histologic staining methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.","author":"Luna LG","year":"1968"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2008000100002","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: estudo soro-epidemiol\u00f3gico de su\u00ednos da regi\u00e3o Sudoeste do Estado do Paran\u00e1","volume":"28","author":"Millar PR","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pesq Vet Bras"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760140318","article-title":"Experimental infection with the Toxoplasma gondii ME-49 strain in the Brazilian BR-1 mini pig is a suitable animal model for human toxoplasmosis","volume":"110","author":"Miranda FJB","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-019-06274-1","article-title":"Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from pigs for human consumption","volume":"118","author":"Miura AC","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref28","first-page":"54","article-title":"Ocorr\u00eancia de anticorpos contra Toxoplasma gondii em su\u00ednos e ovinos abatidos no Munic\u00edpio de Guarapuava, PR, Brasil","volume":"16","author":"Moura AB","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Bras Parasitol Vet"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infections in swine of non-tecnified rearing farms of the northeastern region of the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil and associated risk factors","volume":"4","author":"Oliveira GC","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-013-0350-1","article-title":"Seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cattle and pigs in Ibadan, Nigeria","volume":"39","author":"Onyiche TE","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-5823-9","article-title":"Seroepidemiological and biomolecular survey on Toxoplasma gondii infection on organic pig farms","volume":"117","author":"Pipia AP","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"Fixation; tissue processing; dehydration, clearing, and infiltration; specimen orientation; embedding; microtomy; hematoxylin and eosin, and mounting media.","author":"Prophet EB","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-3-7","article-title":"Comparison of two DNA targets for the diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis by real-time PCR using fluorescence resonance energy transfer hybridization probes","volume":"3","author":"Reischl U","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref34","first-page":"466","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii in backyard pigs: seroepidemiology and mouse bioassay","volume":"62","author":"Samico-Fernandes EFT","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-29612019036","article-title":"Frequency of antibodies and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in backyard pig production in the city of Mossor\u00f3, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil","volume":"28","author":"Santos IMC","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Bras Parasitol Vet"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2019.1519-1523","article-title":"Seroprevalence and factors associated with bovine and swine toxoplasmosis in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso","volume":"12","author":"Tialla D","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-09352007000100006","article-title":"Detection of Toxoplasma gondii by PCR and mouse bioassay in commercial cuts of pork from experimentally infected pigs","volume":"59","author":"Tsutsui VS","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(00)00084-X","article-title":"The prevalence of anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in Ghanaian sheep and goats","volume":"76","author":"van der Puije WNA","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-17-496","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii lineages circulating in slaughtered industrial pigs and potential risk for consumers","volume":"81","author":"Vergara A","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2020.102094","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in slaughter pigs in Shanghai, China","volume":"76","author":"Zhang Y","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"}],"container-title":["Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterin\u00e1ria"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/rbpv\/v30n4\/1984-2961-rbpv-30-4-e008721.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T12:48:12Z","timestamp":1636980492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-29612021000400303&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"alternative-id":["S1984-29612021000400303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1984-29612021086","relation":{},"ISSN":["1984-2961","0103-846X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1984-2961","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0103-846X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"article-number":"e008721"}}