{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:58:07Z","timestamp":1790668687024,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract Protozoa of the Apicomplexa phylum are worldwide distributed with capacity to infect endothermic animals. The study of these protozoa in wild birds in Brazil is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of apicomplexan protozoa in wild birds in the Northeast of Brazil. From October to December 2019, brain tissue samples were collected from 71 captive birds from the Wild Animal Screening Center of the Pernambuco State (CETRAS-Tangara) and 25 free-living birds from the Caatinga biome in Rio Grande do Norte, totaling 96 animals (41 species). Brain fragments were subjected to molecular diagnosis by nested PCR for the 18s rDNA gene of Apicomplexa parasites, followed by DNA sequencing. This gene was detected in 25% (24\/96) of the samples, and it was possible to perform DNA sequencing of 14 samples, confirming three genera: Isospora, Sarcocystis and Toxoplasma from eight bird species (Amazona aestiva, Coereba flaveola, Egretta thula, Paroaria dominicana, Sporophila nigricollis, Cariama cristata, Columbina talpacoti, Crypturellus parvirostris). The occurrence these coccidia in wild birds provides important epidemiological information for the adoption of preventive measures for its conservation. Future studies are needed to better understand the consequence of Apicomplexa infection in birds in Caatinga and Atlantic Forest biomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-29612023020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T13:23:06Z","timestamp":1681737786000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Occurrence of Apicomplexa protozoa in wild birds in the Northeast region of Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6438-8572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela H\u00e9mylin Ferreira","family":"Moura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gleyce Silva do","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pollyanne Raysa Fernandes de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Silva","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Semi-\u00c1rido, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayko","family":"Shimabukuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Semi-\u00c1rido, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri Marinho","family":"Valen\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Triagem e Reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o de Animais Silvestres de Pernambuco, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Calabuig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Semi-\u00c1rido, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata Pimentel Bandeira de","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinaldo Aparecido","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.26605\/medvet-v15n3-3549","article-title":"Sarcocystis falcatula em papagaio-do-congo (Psittacus erithacus): relato de caso","volume":"15","author":"Ad\u00e3o CE","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Vet"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1638\/03-091.1","article-title":"Atoxoplasmosis in tanagers","volume":"36","author":"Adkesson MJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1017\/S095927091200010X","article-title":"The live bird trade in Brazil and its conservation implications: an overview","volume":"23","author":"Alves RRN","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bird Conserv Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref4","first-page":"103","article-title":"Occurrence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in wild birds from three Federal Conservation Units of Para\u00edba and Bahia, Brazil","volume":"36","author":"Andrade LHM","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pesq Vet Bras"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1647\/2018-377","article-title":"Clinical and pathological aspects of systemic Isospora infection in blue-crowned laughing thrushes (Garrulax courtoisi) at Jersey Zoo","volume":"33","author":"Barb\u00f3n AR","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Avian Med Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-3341.1","article-title":"The genus Atoxoplasma (Garnham 1950) as a junior objective synonym of the genus Isospora (Schneider 1881) species infecting birds and resurrection of Cystoisospora (Frenkel 1977) as the correct genus for Isospora species infecting mammals","volume":"91","author":"Barta JR","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Autophagy: cancer, other pathologies, inflammation, immunity, infection, and aging","first-page":"185","volume-title":"Autophagy in parasitic protists","volume":"2","author":"Besteiro S","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2021.01.003","article-title":"Occurrence and diversity of Sarcocystidae protozoa in muscle and brain tissues of bats from S\u00e3o Paulo state, Brazil","volume":"14","author":"Cabral AD","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2022.02.006","article-title":"Fatal toxoplasmosis in little penguins (Eudyptula minor) from Penguin Island, Western Australia","volume":"17","author":"Campbell K","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810391114","article-title":"Characterization of the host response in systemic isosporosis (atoxoplasmosis) in a colony of captive American goldfinches (Spinus tristis) and house sparrows (Passer domesticus)","volume":"48","author":"Cushing TL","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Sarcocystosis of animals and humans","author":"Dubey JP","year":"2015","edition":"2nd"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2425.1","article-title":"New Toxoplasma gondii genotypes isolated from free-range chickens from the Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: unexpected findings","volume":"96","author":"Dubey JP","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00034-1","article-title":"A review of toxoplasmosis in wild birds","volume":"106","author":"Dubey JP","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Clinical toxoplasmosis in zoo animals and its management","volume":"2","author":"Dubey JP","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg An Sp"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans","author":"Dubey JP","year":"2010","edition":"2nd"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1637\/10063-011912-Case.1","article-title":"Fatal toxoplasmosis in a vinaceous Amazon parrot (Amazona vinacea)","volume":"56","author":"Ferreira Jr FC","year":"2012","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Caatinga tem 182 animais amea\u00e7ados; no pa\u00eds, quase 10% dos monitorados est\u00e3o sob risco de extin\u00e7\u00e3o","author":"Figueiredo P","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1647\/2008-006R.1","article-title":"Occurrence of Sarcocystis falcatula in captive Psittacine birds in Brazil","volume":"23","author":"Godoy SN","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Avian Med Surg"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.09.055","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in sparrows (Passer domesticus) in the Northeast of Brazil","volume":"168","author":"Gondim LSQ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Wildlife conservation society birds of Brazil: the Pantanal and Cerrado of Central Brazil","author":"Gwynne JA","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.2119","article-title":"Atlantic birds: a data set of bird species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest","volume":"99","author":"Hasui \u00c9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref22","first-page":"99","article-title":"A new species of Isospora Schneider, 1881 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the blue-crowned laughingthrush Dryonastes courtoisi (Passeriformes: Timaliidae)","volume":"52","author":"Jamri\u0161ka J","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Protozool"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196159","article-title":"Prevalence of toxoplasmosis and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii strains isolated in wild birds of prey and their relation with previously isolated strains from Turkey","volume":"13","author":"Karakavuk M","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182012000819","article-title":"Description of Sarcocystis turdusi sp. nov. from the common blackbird (Turdus merula)","volume":"139","author":"Kutkien\u0117 L","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00688.x","article-title":"Sporulation and survival of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in seawater","volume":"50","author":"Lindsay DS","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2022.03.002","article-title":"Molecular screening for Sarcocystidae in muscles of wild birds from Brazil suggests a plethora of intermediate hosts for Sarcocystis falcatula.","volume":"17","author":"Llano HAB","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-5150-pvb-6717","article-title":"Molecular detection of Apicomplexa protozoa in tissues from Alouatta guariba clamitans.","volume":"41","author":"Ludwig A","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pesq Vet Bras"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"A luta pela sobreviv\u00eancia das on\u00e7as da Caatinga","author":"Machado L","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-29612016051","article-title":"Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and cattle from Fernando de Noronha Island, Brazil","volume":"25","author":"Magalh\u00e3es FJR","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz J Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.31687\/saremMN.18.25.2.0.15","article-title":"Mam\u00edferos de m\u00e9dio e grande porte da Caatinga do Rio Grande do Norte, nordeste do Brasil","volume":"25","author":"Marinho PH","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mastozool Neotrop"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1637\/8557-121008-Case.1","article-title":"Atoxoplasmosis in canary fledglings: severe lymphocytic enteritis with preferential parasitism of B lymphocytes","volume":"53","author":"Maslin WR","year":"2009","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in heart tissue from a common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) monitored for yellow fever and rabies in Pernambuco state, Northeastern of Brazil","volume":"21","author":"Melo RPB","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1638\/2016-0044.1","article-title":"Investigation of the presence of Atoxoplasma spp. in blue-crowned laughingthrush (Dryonastes courtoisi) adults and neonates","volume":"48","author":"Mohr F","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2018.04.007","article-title":"Pathological and molecular characterization of systemic isosporosis (atoxoplasmosis) in captive green-winged saltator (Saltator similis)","volume":"255","author":"Oliveira AR","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"14","article-title":"Diversidade de aves silvestres brasileiras comercializadas nas feiras livres da Regi\u00e3o Metropolitana do Recife, Pernambuco","volume":"126","author":"Pereira GA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atual Ornitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.6001\/ekologija.v58i1.2349","article-title":"Protozoan parasites from genus Sarcocystis and their investigations in Lithuania","volume":"58","author":"Prakas P","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ekologija"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.2307\/1592564","article-title":"Diagnosis of atoxoplasmosis in a canary (Serinus canarius) by histopathologic and ultrastructural examination","volume":"44","author":"Quiroga MI","year":"2000","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref38","article-title":"Sarcocystidae in wild birds of southeastern Brazil","volume":"30","author":"R\u00eago WMF","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz J Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2003.00377.x","article-title":"Bird extinctions in Atlantic Forest fragments of the Vi\u00e7osa region, Southeastern Brazil","volume":"17","author":"Ribon R","year":"2003","journal-title":"Conserv Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.2007.00909.x","article-title":"Atoxoplasma spp. infection in captive canaries (Serinus canaria)","volume":"54","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Cord\u00f3n PJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med"},{"key":"ref41","series-title":"Ornitologia brasileira","author":"Sick H","year":"1997"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-296120180059","article-title":"Isolation and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from free-ranging and captive birds and mammals in Pernambuco State, Brazil","volume":"27","author":"Silva MA","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz J Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009991065","article-title":"Moving towards an integrated approach to molecular detection and identification of Toxoplasma gondii.","volume":"137","author":"Su C","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.2307\/1593039","article-title":"Ocular and encephalic toxoplasmosis in canaries","volume":"45","author":"Williams SM","year":"2001","journal-title":"Avian Dis"}],"container-title":["Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterin\u00e1ria"],"original-title":["Ocorr\u00eancia de protozo\u00e1rios Apicomplexa em aves silvestres na regi\u00e3o Nordeste do Brasil"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S1984-29612023000200303&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T12:37:07Z","timestamp":1729255027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-29612023000200303&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"alternative-id":["S1984-29612023000200303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1984-29612023020","relation":{},"ISSN":["1984-2961","0103-846X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1984-2961","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0103-846X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"article-number":"e014722"}}