{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T20:32:51Z","timestamp":1779309171528,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract The aim of this study was to report on the presence of microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis causing nodular pyogranulomatous dermatitis in a dog in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil. A 4-year-old male dachshund dog with lesions in the nostrils and left dorsolateral regions was treated. Tests were requested to aid in making the diagnosis, such as skin cytology, Knott's test, thick smear and histopathology of the lesions. From these, presence of a diffuse pyogranulomatous process was observed and, amidst the cellular material, microfilariae of Dirofilaria spp. A conventional polymerase chain reaction test on tissue samples from the lesions revealed the presence of the species D. immitis. Treatment based on ivermectin (3mg) was administered at a single oral dose of 0.6 mg\/kg. In the first seven days there was regression of the lesions, but after 30 days there was recurrence. A new treatment was administered, consisting of 10% imidacloprid + 2.5% moxidectin (4-10 mg\/kg), with one application per month for 6 months, and doxycycline (100 mg), 10 mg\/kg, 1 tablet, 2 times a day, for 30 days. In conclusion, D. immitis microfilariae caused pyogranulomatous lesions in the subcutaneous tissue of a dog. This had not previously been described in Brazil.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-29612023032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T11:21:31Z","timestamp":1685964091000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Subcutaneous dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria immitis in a dog in Brazil: first report"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6038-8834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Welit\u00e2nia In\u00e1cia da","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Campina Grande,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7085-3821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander Rodrigo Dantas","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PetVet Dr. Alexander Rodrigo,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0593-4983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Carolina de","family":"Francisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PetVet Dr. Alexander Rodrigo,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2870-685X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janete Madalena da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7os em Patologia Veterin\u00e1ria,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5954-8922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hodias Sousa de","family":"Oliveira Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2762-6383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thais Ferreira","family":"Feitosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Federal da Para\u00edba,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9891-7842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vin\u00edcius Longo Ribeiro","family":"Vilela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Campina Grande,  Brasil; Instituto Federal da Para\u00edba,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.04.002","article-title":"The global status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on published articles","volume":"131","author":"Anvari D","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2009.06.003","article-title":"Heartworm biology, treatment, and control","volume":"39","author":"Bowman DD","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.07.001","article-title":"Macrocyclic lactones and Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae","volume":"26","author":"Bowman DD","year":"2011","journal-title":"Top Companion Anim Med"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Georgis parasitologia veterin\u00e1ria","author":"Bowman DD","year":"2010","edition":"9th"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Heartworm disease","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109113","article-title":"Overview on Diroflaria immitis in the Americas, with notes on other filarial worms infecting dogs","volume":"282","author":"Dantas-Torres F","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Semiologia veterin\u00e1ria","author":"Feitosa FLF","year":"2014","edition":"3rd"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2019.07.011","article-title":"Efficacy of imidacloprid 10%\/moxidectin 2.5% spot on (Advocate\u00ae, Advantage Multi\u00ae) and doxycycline for the treatment of natural Dirofilaria immitis infections in dogs","volume":"273","author":"Genchi M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.05.012","article-title":"Treatment of Dirofilaria repens microfilariaemia with a combination of doxycycline hyclate and ivermectin","volume":"197","author":"Giannelli A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Two cases of ectopic dirofilariasis by Dirofilaria immitis in subconjunctival and subcutaneous tissues in dogs","volume":"92","author":"Goh YS","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.01.025","article-title":"A combination of doxycycline and ivermectin is adulticidal in dogs with naturally acquired heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis)","volume":"169","author":"Grandi G","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Heartworm prevalence in dogs versus cats: multiple diagnostic modalities provide new insights","volume":"277","author":"Hays KM","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.702018","article-title":"An accessible alternative to Melarsomine: \u201cMoxi-Doxy\u201d for treatment of adult heartworm infection in dogs","volume":"8","author":"Jacobson LS","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0493-7","article-title":"Updated canine infection rates for Dirofilaria immitis in areas of Brazil previously identified as having a high incidence of heartworm-infected dogs","volume":"7","author":"Labarthe NV","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2008.46.3.171","article-title":"Ectopic migration of an adult heartworm in a dog with dirofilariasis (case report)","volume":"46","author":"Oh HW","year":"2008","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref16","first-page":"433","article-title":"Molecular detection of Dirofilaria immitis specific gene from infected dog blood sample using polymerase chain reaction","volume":"12","author":"Oh IY","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref17","first-page":"854","article-title":"Subcutaneous and cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis in a dog","volume":"62","author":"Oliveira LB","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.3390\/life12101584","article-title":"Human pulmonary dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria immitis: the first Italian case confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis, with a systematic literature review","volume":"12","author":"Palicelli A","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12597","article-title":"Dirofilaria repens: an etiological factor or an incidental finding in cytologic and histopathologic biopsies from dogs","volume":"47","author":"Pa\u017adzior-Czapula K","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.05.017","article-title":"Epidemiological aspects of filariosis in dogs on the coast of Paran\u00e1 state, Brazil: with emphasis on Dirofilaria immitis.","volume":"122","author":"Reifur L","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-2833-x","article-title":"Allergic dermatitis by Dirofilaria repens in a dog: clinical picture and treatment","volume":"111","author":"Rocconi F","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"399","article-title":"Presence of Leishmania sp. and Dirofilaria immitis in cutaneous canine transmissible venereal tumor","volume":"47","author":"Rodrigues RTGA","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Sci Vet"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref23","first-page":"233","article-title":"Nodular skin disease associated with Dirofilaria immitis infection in the dog","volume":"69","author":"Scott DW","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cornell Vet"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3312-3","article-title":"Comorbid infections induce progression of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"12","author":"Toepp AJ","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref25","article-title":"Rare case of Dioctophyme renale (Nematoda: Enoplida) and Dirofilaria sp. (Nematoda: Spirurida) in the subcutaneous tissue of a cat in Esp\u00edrito Santo, Brazil","volume":"7","author":"Vidal MLB","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"}],"container-title":["Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterin\u00e1ria"],"original-title":["Dirofilariose subcut\u00e2nea por Dirofilaria immitis em canino no Brasil: primeiro relato"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S1984-29612023000200404&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T11:21:50Z","timestamp":1685964110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-29612023000200404&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"alternative-id":["S1984-29612023000200404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1984-29612023032","relation":{},"ISSN":["1984-2961","0103-846X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1984-2961","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0103-846X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"article-number":"e001423"}}