{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T09:21:37Z","timestamp":1794216097275,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract In urban environments, domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are a major reservoir for the parasite Leishmania infantum. Miltefosine has been used as the standard treatment for canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. However, therapeutic failures have been reported. In the present study, two dogs (CG03 and CG06) with a diagnosis of infection by L. infantum underwent two cycles of treatment with miltefosine (Milteforan\u2122 - Virbac\u00ae). Analyses showed increases in the parasite load of both CG03 and CG06, even after treatment. The clinical score of CG03 dropped from 1 to 0 (after one round of treatment), such that this dog became asymptomatic. CG06 showed clinical worsening, such that its score increased from 1 to 2. After the second therapeutic round, the parasite load in CG03 was found to have decreased, but it was still higher than before drug treatment even though this dog was physically asymptomatic. There was no decrease in the parasite load in CG06 and there was clinical worsening. The clinical response of these dogs to the treatment differed, but the parasite load remained high in both cases, which poses a risk to public health, making it essential take measures to prevent the sandfly vector from accessing the dog.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-29612024012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T10:00:08Z","timestamp":1707127208000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Therapeutic success and failure in using miltefosine to treat dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4670-9256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Carlos Chagas,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique Paiva de","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Carlos Chagas,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra Silva","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pesquisadora independente,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiano Borges","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Carlos Chagas,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2-4","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.05.009","article-title":"Evaluation of miltefosine for the treatment of dogs naturally infected with L. infantum (=L. chagasi) in Brazil","volume":"181","author":"Andrade HM","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.10.004","article-title":"Parasite load in the blood and skin of dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum is correlated with their capacity to infect sand fly vectors","volume":"229","author":"Borja LS","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Nota t\u00e9cnica n\u00ba 11\/2016\/CPV\/DFIP\/SDA\/GM\/MAPA","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Situa\u00e7\u00e3o epidemiol\u00f3gica da leishmaniose visceral","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01690","article-title":"Leishmania infantum virulence factor A2 protein: linear B-Cell epitope mapping and identification of three main linear B-Cell epitopes in vaccinated and naturally infected dogs","volume":"9","author":"Campos MP","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4162-9053","article-title":"Accuracy of quantitative polymerase chain reaction in samples of frozen and paraffin-embedded healthy skin for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"69","author":"Campos MP","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Correlations between tissue parasite load and common clinical signs in dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum","volume":"291","author":"Chagas \u00daMR","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1748","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis: what are the needs for diagnosis, treatment and control?","volume":"5","author":"Chappuis F","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9061228","article-title":"In vitro susceptibility to miltefosine of Leishmania infantum (syn. L. chagasi) isolates from different geographical areas in Brazil","volume":"9","author":"Espada CR","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.011","article-title":"Advantages of real-time PCR assay for diagnosis and monitoring of canine leishmaniosis","volume":"137","author":"Francino O","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2019.05.006","article-title":"Canine visceral leishmaniasis biomarkers and their employment in vaccines","volume":"271","author":"Giunchetti RC","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-05100-x","article-title":"Increased Leishmania infantum resistance to miltefosine and amphotericin B after treatment of a dog with miltefosine and allopurinol","volume":"14","author":"Gon\u00e7alves G","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4714","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00707-15","article-title":"In vivo selection of paromomycin and miltefosine resistance in Leishmania donovani and L. infantum in a Syrian hamster model","volume":"59","author":"Hendrickx S","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref14","first-page":"126","article-title":"Preval\u00eancia da Leishmaniose visceral em c\u00e3es do Distrito Federal, segundo dados do centro de zoonoses de Bras\u00edlia","volume":"32","author":"Herenio EM","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Health Sci Inst"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.03.017","article-title":"Asymptomatic dogs are highly competent to transmit Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi to the natural 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A","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3323-0","article-title":"Use of miltefosine to treat canine visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum in Brazil","volume":"12","author":"Nogueira FS","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Failure of miltefosine treatment in two dogs with natural Leishmania infantum infection","volume":"2014","author":"Proverbio D","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep Vet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","article-title":"Control of visceral Leishmaniasis in Latin America: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Romero GAS","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-1969-z","article-title":"Laboratory confirmed miltefosine resistant cases of visceral leishmaniasis from India","volume":"10","author":"Srivastava S","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2020.04.004","article-title":"Impact of clinically acquired miltefosine resistance by Leishmania infantum on mouse and sand fly infection","volume":"13","author":"Van Bockstal L","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-8910.2014048005615","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: rationale and concerns related to reservoir control","volume":"48","author":"Werneck GL","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Leishmaniasis","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterin\u00e1ria"],"original-title":["Sucesso e falha terap\u00eautica no tratamento com miltefosina de c\u00e3es naturalmente infectados com Leishmania infantum"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S1984-29612024000100402&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T10:00:24Z","timestamp":1707127224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-29612024000100402&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"alternative-id":["S1984-29612024000100402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1984-29612024012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1984-2961","0103-846X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1984-2961","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0103-846X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"article-number":"e015023"}}