{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T15:03:24Z","timestamp":1763478204165,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RS-2019-NR040075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2019-NR040075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015499","name":"Jeonbuk National University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RS-2019-NR040075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2019-NR040075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015499","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract Tick-borne diseases are a leading cause of death and illness worldwide. Disulfide isomerase (DSI) is an essential protein that helps tick bodies form natural protein structures so they can perform their biological functions after engorgement. In this study, we are exploring the role of DSI and present a potential strategy for tick management by interfering with DSI in ticks. HlDSI cDNA contains 1,119 nucleotides encoding 372 amino acids, and its molecular weight is 93.69 kilodaltons. BLAST analysis showed that the HlDSI protein was 99.10% identical to DSI-like proteins of other parasites. We identified the Jeju strain of Haemaphysalis longicornis and characterized its transcriptional and functional status. Each tick's dsRNA was injected into a female tick and soaked in nymph to further examine its biological functions. RT-PCR and real-time PCR were used to identify and decrease the gene expression of HlDSI RNA interference (RNAi). In adult tick dsRNA-injected groups, HlDSI RNAi significantly impaired tick blood-feeding efficiency and tick viability,and disrupted the molting process in nymphs. According to our analysis, DSI is a significant molecule that is involved in both feeding and reproduction during the tick life cycle,and is therefore a valid target for future tick control strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-29612025058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T14:58:18Z","timestamp":1763477898000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification and knockdown effect of disulfide isomerase in the Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae)"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Md Samiul","family":"Haque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeonbuk National University,  Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bumseok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeonbuk National University,  Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4766-0201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myung-Jo","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeonbuk National University,  Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8030475","article-title":"Failed disruption of tick feeding, viability, and molting after immunization of mice and sheep with recombinant Ixodes ricinus salivary proteins IrSPI and IrLip1","volume":"8","author":"Almaz\u00e1n C","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147966","article-title":"Temporal gene expression analysis and RNA silencing of single and multiple members of gene family in the lone star tick Amblyomma americanum.","volume":"11","author":"Bullard RL","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2004.05.028","article-title":"Improved prediction of signal peptides: SignalP 3.0","volume":"340","author":"Bendtsen JD","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2019.57.3.319","article-title":"Epidemiological investigation of tick species from near domestic animal farms and cattle, goat, and wild boar in Korea","volume":"57","author":"Chae JB","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-001-0520-4","article-title":"Dirofilaria immitis: further characterization of the transglutaminase enzyme and its role in larval molting","volume":"88","author":"Chandrashekar R","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138842","article-title":"Ixodes ricinus and Its Endosymbiont Midichloria mitochondrii: a comparative proteomic analysis of salivary glands and ovaries","volume":"10","author":"Di Venere M","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W13","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr245","article-title":"T-Coffee: a web server for the multiple sequence alignment of protein and RNA sequences using structural information and homology extension","volume":"39","author":"Di Tommaso P","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4227","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M210510200","article-title":"The Caenorhabditis elegans ERp60 homolog protein disulfide isomerase-3 has disulfide isomerase and transglutaminase-like cross-linking activity and is involved in the maintenance of body morphology","volume":"278","author":"Eschenlauer SCP","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.5455\/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.32","article-title":"First molecular sequencing of Babesia gibsoni in ticks, Iraq","volume":"14","author":"Essa IM","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Vet J"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)02170-0","article-title":"Cloning of Plasmodium falciparum protein disulfide isomerase homologue by affinity purification using the antiplasmodial inhibitor 1,4-bis[3-[N-(cyclohexyl methyl)amino]propyl]piperazine","volume":"484","author":"Florenta I","year":"2000","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.11.9.2833","article-title":"Two pairs of conserved cysteines are required for the oxidative activity of Ero1p in protein disulfide bond formation in the endoplasmic reticulum","volume":"11","author":"Frand AR","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-006-0132-0","article-title":"Synergistic effect of silencing the expression of tick protective antigens 4D8 and Rs86 in Rhipicephalus sanguineus by RNA interference","volume":"99","author":"Fuente J","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.07.002","article-title":"RNA interference for the study and genetic manipulation of ticks","volume":"23","author":"Fuente J","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6938","DOI":"10.2741\/3200","article-title":"Overview: ticks as vectors of pathogens that cause disease in humans and animals","volume":"13","author":"Fuente J","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"issue":"52","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50579","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204547200","article-title":"Inhibitors of protein-disulfide isomerase prevent cleavage of disulfide bonds in receptor-bound glycoprotein 120 and prevent HIV-1 entry","volume":"277","author":"Gallina A","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"year":"2010","author":"Haimes J","series-title":"Demonstration of a \u0394\u0394 C q calculation method to compute relative gene expression from qPCR data.","key":"ref16"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref17","article-title":"Molecular characterization and analysis of a novel protein disulfide isomerase-like protein of Eimeria tenella.","volume":"9","author":"Han H","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.24039","article-title":"Effect of Silencing subolesin and enolase impairs gene expression, engorgement and reproduction in Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks","volume":"25","author":"Haque MS","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Vet Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3347\/PHD.24015","article-title":"Molecular cloning, identification, transcriptional analysis, and silencing of enolase on the life cycle of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari, Ixodidae) tick","volume":"62","author":"Haque MS","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasites Hosts Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.05.178","article-title":"Functional differences between human and yeast protein disulfide isomerase family proteins","volume":"320","author":"Kimura T","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2006.09.005","article-title":"New member of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family identified in Amblyomma variegatum tick","volume":"36","author":"Knizetova P","year":"2006","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"42","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29805","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.42.29805","article-title":"Novel protein-disulfide isomerases from the early-diverging protist Giardia lamblia.","volume":"274","author":"Knodler LA","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"47","key":"ref23","first-page":"2474","article-title":"RNA interference in ticks","volume":"47","author":"Kocan KM","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096","article-title":"MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms","volume":"35","author":"Kumar S","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2004.tb03498.x","article-title":"Identification of the Coxiella sp. detected from Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks in Korea","volume":"48","author":"Lee JH","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2007.03.015","article-title":"Identification of three protein disulfide isomerase members from Haemaphysalis longicornis tick","volume":"37","author":"Liao M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-016-1840-9","article-title":"Improvements of modified wheat protein disulfide isomerases with chaperone activity only on the processing quality of flour","volume":"10","author":"Liu G","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Bioprocess Technol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.04.012","article-title":"Protein disulfide isomerase assisted protein folding in malaria parasites","volume":"36","author":"Mahajan B","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112110","article-title":"PDIA3: Structure, functions and its potential role in viral infections","volume":"143","author":"Mahmood F","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"60","key":"ref30","first-page":"3894","article-title":"Saliva, salivary gland, and hemolymph collection from Ixodes scapularis ticks","volume":"60","author":"Patton TG","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18238","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M200895200","article-title":"Egg shell collagen formation in Caenorhabditis elegans involves a novel prolyl 4-hydroxylase expressed in spermatheca and embryos and possessing many unique properties","volume":"277","author":"Riihimaa P","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(00)02024-2","article-title":"EMBOSS: the European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite","volume":"16","author":"Rice P","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01754-24","article-title":"Dual roles for a tick protein disulfide isomerase during the life cycle of the Lyme disease agent","volume":"15","author":"Tang X","year":"2024","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0918-y","article-title":"Saliva from nymph and adult females of Haemaphysalis longicornis: a proteomic study","volume":"8","author":"Tirloni L","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0965-1748(01)00081-9","article-title":"Molecular characterization of a troponin I-like protein from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis.","volume":"32","author":"You M","year":"2001","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.01.015","article-title":"Liposome mediated double-stranded RNA delivery to silence ribosomal protein P0 in the tick Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides.","volume":"9","author":"Zhang Y","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e320","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(20)30145-5","article-title":"Distribution of Haemaphysalis longicornis and associated pathogens: analysis of pooled data from a China field survey and global published data","volume":"4","author":"Zhao L","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"}],"container-title":["Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterin\u00e1ria"],"original-title":["Identifica\u00e7\u00e3o e efeito de supress\u00e3o da dissulfureto isomerase no Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae)"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S1984-29612025000400404&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T14:58:23Z","timestamp":1763477903000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-29612025000400404&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"alternative-id":["S1984-29612025000400404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1984-29612025058","relation":{},"ISSN":["1984-2961","0103-846X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1984-2961"},{"type":"print","value":"0103-846X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"e009125"}}