{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T10:26:36Z","timestamp":1769509596253,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brazil. J. Polit. Econ."],"abstract":"<jats:p>ABSTRACT The reconstruction of the economic history of Brazil since independence from Portugal (1822) may lead to a new understanding of its economic growth. The deep-rooted idea that Brazil could have done better means there is a need to delve into each phase of its development. In this paper, we provide a very long-run perspective (1822-2019) of Brazil\u2019s economic growth and process of real convergence. On the one hand, this review indicates that structural changes observed in the middle of the 20th century were crucial in promoting the country\u2019s growth and real convergence with technologically advanced countries. On the other hand, poor institutional conditions and deficient human capital formation have emerged since colonial times as critical factors underlying Brazil\u2019s inability to establish robust and sustainable economic growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0101-31572022-3376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T15:17:27Z","timestamp":1671635847000},"page":"934-956","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Brazil\u2019s economic growth and real (div)convergence from a very long-term perspective (1822-2019): An historical appraisal"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5058-816X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"NATALIA I.","family":"DOR\u00c9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Porto,  Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3191-5217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"AURORA A.C.","family":"TEIXEIRA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Porto,  Portugal; INESC TEC \u2013 Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ci\u00eancia,  Portugal"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0289.2006.00359.x","article-title":"Brazil as a debtor, 1824-1931","volume":"59","author":"Abreu M.P.","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Economic History Review"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"A Ordem do Progresso. 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